periodontal disease and diabetes Flashcards
what was the prevelance of diabetes in 2012?
29.1 million americans or 9.3% of the total US population had it.
how many seniors in the USA have diabetes?
25.9 % or 11.8 million
diabetes is the ___ leading cause of death in the USA?
7th, with 69,071 deaths per year
type 1 diabtes is also known as
insulin dependent, or early onset diabtes
~ what % of diabetes is type 1?
10%
what is thought to be the most common cause of type 2 diabtes?
obesity
type 2 diabtes takes of how many years of ones life?
10
clinical symptoms of diabetes are….
frequent urination, weight loss, polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria, always sleep, blurred vision, weight gain.
what are the 3 most common clinical symptoms?
plydipsia, polyphagia, and polyuria
what tests are used to diagnose diabtes?
HbA1C, fasting plasma glucose, oral glucose tolerance test.
HbA1C test
refers to glycated hemoglobin which identigies average plasma glucose concentration of 3 months
- its most accurate
HbA1C ranges
diabetic- 6.5 and above
pre- 5.7-6.4
normal-~5
Fasting plasma glucose and ranges
monitors blood glucose after 8 hours of fasting
diabtetic- 126 and above
pre- 100-125
normal- 99 and below
oral glucose tolerance test and ranges
2 hour test that tests glucose levels before and 2 hours after patient eats glucose solution
diabetic-200+
pre-140-199
normal-139 and below
who should be tested?
45years and older ( every 3 years) obese if you have diabetic relatives african americans, hispanics, native americans, delivered baby 9 lbs or more hypertensive ( 140/90)
what are some microvascular complications of diabetes?
retinopathy ( blindness), nephropathy ( renal failure), neuropathy( sensory neurons that leads to amputations, autonomic neurons which leads to dysrhythmias), hypertension
what are some macrovascular complications?
peripheral, cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, hypertension, altered wound healing.
what are some oral complications of diabtetics?
xerostomia, caries, poor healing, infections, burning mouth syndrome, recurrent ulcerations, oral neuropathies, periodontal disease!
why are people with diabetes more susceptible to having periodontal disease?
probably cause theyre more susceptible to contracting infections in general
diabetics are 2 X as likely to contract periodontal disease. Periodontal disease is actually considered to the the ___ complication of diabetes
6th
what does perio disease do to diabetics?
it can increase blood sugar contributing to increased period of time when the body functions with high blood sugar This increases diabetics risk of complications
diabetes and periodontitis amongst the pima indians shows…
the prevelance and severity of attachment loss and bone loss was greater among diabetics
diabetics have _______ fold increase of haveing periodontitis in the pima indian study.
2.8-3.4
the prevelance of periodontal disease was 60% in subjects with diabetes vs ___ in those without ( in pima indian study)
36%
Bacterial pathogens theory of diabetes and PD
the elevated glucose levels in the blood and saliva may change the environment of the microflora. ( may not be true according to studies)
PMN leukocyte function theory
caused by PMN leukocyte deficiencies that result in impaired chemotaxis, defectie phagocytosis, or impaired adherence.
uncontrolled diabetics and cell function.
impairs the function of PMN’s, monocytes, and macrophages. This results in poor wound healing.
Advanced glycation endproducts ( AGEs)
result of rection between carbohydrate and free amino group of proteins
- result of glycoxidation but may be an end product of lipid oxidation
receptor for AGEs
- belongs to immunoglobulin superfamily
- has 1 extracellular region, 1 V and 2 C domains and a short cytoplasmic tail
- gene is located on chromosome 6
when inoculated with p. gingivalis there was an increase /decrease of formation and deposition of AGEs in the gingiva of mice?
increase`
AGE deposition and RAGE expression as been associated with what?
other risk factors for periodontal disease.
what happened to these mice when a soluble RAGE was administered?
Periodontal disease was arrested.
what did researchers at UF discover about RAGE?
hgiher presence in those with Periodontal disease.
