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periodontology 2 > Calculus > Flashcards

Calculus Flashcards

1
Q

whats phase 1 therapy?

A

diagnosing, treatment planning and disease control

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2
Q

whats phase 2 therapy?

A

surgical phase

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3
Q

Calculus is basically mineralized what?

A

plaque, plaque also builds on top of the calculus

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4
Q

What does calculus attach to?

A

teeth, crowns, prosthesis, dental implants

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5
Q

What did hippocrates think of calclulus?

A

he noted the deleterious effects on teeth it caused

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6
Q

what did Albucasis discover?

A

jthe relationship between calculus and disease and the need for removal

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7
Q

what are the 3 steps in calculus formation?

A

pellicle formation, plaque formation, mineralization

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8
Q

Pellicle important points

A

composed of mucoproteins, Acellular, forms within minutes after being wiped of teeth

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9
Q

Plaque formation important points

A

microorganisms bind to the pellicle and form colonies ( rod and cocci), by 5th day plaque is mostly filamentous orgs. , They allgrow together to form a cohesive plaque layer.

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10
Q

mineralization occurs within …..

A

24-72 hours

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11
Q

what is heterogenous nucleation?

A

when mineralization centers grow large enough to connect.

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12
Q

whats mineral precipitation result from?

A

a rise in PH of saliva which causes precipitation of calcium phosphate. Colloidal proteins bind calcium phosphate making a supersaturated solution

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13
Q

what are the 4 different crystals of calcium phosphate?

A

brushite
octa calcium phosphate
hydroxyapatite
whitlockite

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14
Q

rate of calculus formation is rapid for how long before pleauing?

A

4 weeks

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15
Q

What different ways does calcium attach?

A
  1. via pellicle on cementum and enamel
  2. mechanical locking on surface irregularities
  3. close adaptation to slping mounds of cementum
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16
Q

what color is supragingival calculus?

A

white or whitish ( can be localized or generalize)

17
Q

most common places for supragingival calculus are….

A

buccal surfaces of maxillary molars

lingual of mandibular ant.

18
Q

what are the compositions of the 4 different crystaline forms of supragingival calculus?

A 
OCP = Predominant mineral in exterior layers
HA = Dominant in the inner layers of long standing calculus
W = Only in small proportions
B  = Only in newly formed calculus
19
Q

what is the average mineral content in supragingival calculus?

A

37%

20
Q

subgingival calculus is usually what color and why?

A

brown or black. It reflects the presensce of bacterial and blood products

21
Q

what probably happened if you find someone with black calculus that appears supragingival?

A

it started out sub and the gums receeded so now its supra.

22
Q

which crystaline form is most dominant in subgingival calculus?

A

whitlockite with small proportions of magnesia (3%)

- hydroxyapatite but at very low amount

23
Q

what can be used to detect subgingival calculus?

A

explorer, Perio probe, surgical exploration is best

24
Q

how would you retract the gingiva if you wanted to while searching for sub-g calculus?

A

air blast

25
Q

most common exploror for sub-g exploring is….

A

11/12 ODU

26
Q

why arnt radiographs reliable for sub-g calculus detection?

A

2-d picture of 3-d object.

- it could be hiding ex. furcations, crown margins, restorations…….

27
Q

what is the absolute most reliable means for determining sub-G calculus?

A

surgical exploration

28
Q

what is the root of all evil?

A

bacteria and plaque

29
Q

what causes periodontal disease?

A

bacteria and plaque

30
Q

why is calculus a SECONDARY etiologic factor of periodontis?

A

presence of calculus makes it impossible to remove plaque.
calculus prevents pts from clearing plaque.
calculus does not come in direct contact of gingival tissue.

31
Q

describe the guinea pig experiment

A

researchers took calculus off a patient with periodontal disease and seperated it into 2 peices and sterilized one of them. They made guinea pigs eat them and the pigs that ate the not sterilized calculus developed infection while the pigs that ate the sterilized piece did not.

32
Q

what is calculus always covered by?

A

unmineralized layer of viable bacterial plauqe.

33
Q

prevention of calculus is by….

A 
daily removal
professional prophylaxis ( every 3-6 months)
34
Q

pyrophsophatases

A

occur naturally in saliva and chelate ( stick to) calcium slowing the rate of nucleation and calcification

35
Q

sodium hexametaphosphate ( SHMP)

A

is a large polyphosphate molecule with multiple calcium binding sites
- very effective calculus inhibitor

36
Q

zinc

A

basically binds in calciums spot on the pellicle

37
Q

gantrez

A

copolymer of methylvinyl ether and maleic acid

- binds calcium ions inhibiting plaque mineralization

periodontology 2 (8 decks)

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