Periodicity Flashcards
Ferromagnetic
Cobalt Iron Nickel (HIGHEST) - because they have all unpaired electrons and want to bond)
Ligands
atoms or ions which possess lone pairs of electrons to form co-ordinate bonds to the central ion and donate a lone pair to a vacant orbital
Colorimetry
a change of ligand can change the color of the compound
Dative (Coordinate bond covalent)
when the electrons shared in a bond is coming from only one atom
Color depends on…
Oxidation state
Transition element
Ligand
Coordination Number
Multidentate
can form several co-ordinate bonds/dative bonds
diamagnetic
LOWEST
Least amount of unpaired electrons in the shell
paramagnetic
anything with lone electrons or half filled
Unidentate
ligands that bond once or give one electron
List of ligands
Chloride Cyanide Hydroxide Oxide Water Ammonia
Atomic size trend
Group: Increases (more energy levels)
Period: Decreases (more protns pulling closer)
Variable oxidation states
arises from the similar energies required from removal of 4s and 3d electrons
Electron Affinity
Period: Increases (atoms are smaller and there is a greater charge)
Group: Decreases (atoms get bigger and there are more shells)
IOnic Radius
Cations are formed by losing electrons (smaller = metals) and anions are formed by gaining electrons, these electrons then createe an ionic bind and are shared between the two anion and cation
Electron Affinity
Energy change associated with adding a mole of electrons to a mole of gaseous atoms
IOnization Energy Trend
Group: Decreases ( there is greater distance and more shielding)
Period: Increases (greater nuclear charge)
HIGHER ionization energy IF …
There are filled or half filled orbitals
Ionization Energy
Amount of energy required to completely remove a mole of electrons from a mole of gaseous atoms
Transition Element metallic properties
- Strong metallic bonds due to the small ionic size and close packaging
- higher melting point
- higher boiling point
IOnic Radius Trend
Group: Increases
Period: Decreases then increases then decreases
Melting and boiling point trends
- Period: rises to a mzaximum near the middle of the period and then falls off at a minimum value at the end of the period
- Group: Increases from top to bottom (increase in atomic #)
- Alkali and Metalloids: decrease with increasing atomic number
As the atomic # increases, MP and BP increases because there are more electrons whoch creates a larger negative charge around the nucleus of the atom
Boiling POint
The temperature which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the external pressure of the liquid
Isoelectric Ions
Ions with the same number of electrons. The one with the greater charge has the smaller atomic radius
Electronegativity Trend
Group: decreases
Period: Increases
