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Chemistry > Periodicity > Flashcards

Periodicity Flashcards

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1
Q

How does the atomic radius across each period?

A

decreases
- nuclear charge increases pulling electrons in closer
- similar sheilding across no so additional shells to screen outer electrons
- atom becomes constricted

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2
Q

period 3

Na,Mg,Al

bonding structure, forces , melting points

A
  • bonding structure - Giant metallic lattice – positive metal ions surrounded by a sea of delocalised electrons
  • forces - Strong electrostatic forces between the positive metal ion and delocalised electrons.
  • melting points - high melting points - increasing across group
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3
Q

period 3

Si

bonding structure, forces , melting points

A
  • bonding structure - Giant covalent Macromolecular
  • forces - Many strong covalent bonds – lots of energy required to overcome these
  • melting points - highest melting point
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4
Q

period 3

Si

bonding structure, forces , melting points

A
  • bonding structure - Giant covalent Macromolecular
  • forces - Many strong covalent bonds – lots of energy required to overcome these
  • melting points - highest melting point
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5
Q

period 3

P

bonding structure, forces , melting points

A
  • bonding structure - P4 , Simple molecular
  • forces - Weak intermolecular forces – Van der Waals forces
  • melting points - low melting point
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6
Q

period 3

S

bonding structure, forces , melting points

A
  • bonding structure - S8 , Simple molecular
  • forces - Weak intermolecular forces – Van der Waals forces stronger than for P as larger molecule
  • melting points - low melting point
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7
Q

period 3

Cl

bonding structure, forces, melting points

A
  • bonding structure- Cl2 Simple molecular
  • forces - Weak intermolecular forces – Van der Waals forces -Smaller than P so weaker forces
  • melting points - lowest
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8
Q

period 3

Ar

bonding structure, forces, melting points

A
  • bonding structure- atomic
  • forces- Very weak forces between the atoms
  • melting points - lowest
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9
Q

period 3

trends in melting points

A
  • increases due to the more delocalised electrons present and greater nuclear charge from Na,Mg,Al
  • si forms giant covalent lattices with many strong covalent bonds
  • dcreases for the rest as they are allsimple molecular with weak VDW forces
  • Al deviates so does S
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10
Q

period 3

Why does Al deviate

A

The outer electron is being removed from a 3p orbital
* The 3p orbital is further away from the nucleus than the 3s orbital

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11
Q

period 3

Why does sulphur deviate ?

A
  • Sulfur has a 3p orbital containing two electrons
  • The spin repulsion between them decreases the energy required to remove one of them
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12
Q

period 3

Conductivity of period 3

A
  • Al,Mg,Na - all good conductors due to metalic structure
  • Si - semi-conduuctor
  • the rest do not conduct because they are simple molecules - no free electrons or ions
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13
Q

period 3

What is the equation and observation for when Sodium reacts with WATER?

A

2Na + H2O ——> 2NaOH + H2
Effervescence AND Floats

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14
Q

period 3

What is the equation and observation for when Magnesium reacts with COLD WATER?

A

Mg + 2H2O(l) ——> Mg(OH)2 + H2
White ppt

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15
Q

period 3

What is the equation and observation for when Magnesium reacts with gaseous WATER?

A

Mg + H2O(g) ——> MgO + H2O
White Solid AND Bright White Light

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16
Q

period 3

What is the equation and observation for when Chlorine reacts with WATER? (Without UV)

A

Cl2 + H2O <===> HCl + HClO
“Disproportionation”

17
Q

period 3

What is the equation and observation for when Sodium reacts with OXYGEN?

A

4Na + O2 ——> 2Na2O
Yellow Flame AND White Solid

18
Q

What is the equation and observation for when Magnesium reacts with OXYGEN?

A

2Mg + O2 ——> 2MgO
Bright White Flame AND White Solid

19
Q

period 3

What is the equation and observation for when Aluminium reacts with OXYGEN?

A

4Al + 3O2 ——> 2Al2O3
Bright White Flame AND White Solid

20
Q

period 3

What is the equation and observation for when Silicon reacts with OXYGEN?

A

Si + O2 ——> SiO2
White Flame AND White Solid

21
Q

period 3

What is the equation and observation for when Phosphorus reacts with OXYGEN?

A

P4 + 5O2 ——> P4O10
Very Bright White Flame AND White Solid

Chemistry (32 decks)

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