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Chemistry > Alcohols > Flashcards

Alcohols Flashcards

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1
Q

How are alcohols produced

5.1 Alcohol production

A

Industrially by the hydration of alkenes in the presence of a catalyst

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2
Q

state the conditions for forming alcohols

5.1 Alcohol production

A

Essential Conditions
high temperature 300 °C
high pressure 70 atm
strong acidic catalyst of conc H3PO4

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3
Q

How is ethanol produced?

5.1 Alcohol production

A

Fermentation of glucose

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4
Q

What are the conditions for the fermentation of glucose and why are they used?

5.1 Alcohol production

A

Yeast
No air
temperatures 30-40C

At lower temperatures the reaction is too slow.
At higher temperatures the yeast dies and the enzymes denature.
Fermentation is done in an absence of air because the presence of air can cause extra reactions to occur- It oxidises the ethanol produced to ethanoic acid (vinegar).

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5
Q

write equations to support the statement that ethanol produced by fermentation is a carbon neutral fuel

5.1 Alcohol production

A

Removal of CO2 by photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O➜ C6H12O6 + 6O2
Production of CO2 by fermentation and combustion
C6H12O6 ➜ 2CH3CH2OH + 2CO2
2CH3CH2OH + 6O2➜ 4 CO2 + 6 H2O

*NO NET RELEASE OF CO2

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6
Q

discuss the environmental issues linked to decision making about biofuel use.

5.1 Alcohol production

A

This does not take into account any energy needed to irrigate plants, fractionally distil the ethanol from the reaction mixture or process the fuel. If the energy for these processes comes from fossil fuels then the ethanol produced is not carbon neutral.

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7
Q

What are alcohols classified into

.5.2 Oxidation of alcohols

A

Primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols

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8
Q

What can primary alcohols be oxidised into

.5.2 Oxidation of alcohols

A

Aldehydes

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9
Q

What can primary alcohols be further oxidised into

.5.2 Oxidation of alcohols

A

carboxylic acid

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10
Q

What can secondary alcohols be oxidised into

.5.2 Oxidation of alcohols

A

ketones

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11
Q

can tertiary alcohols be oxidised?

5.2 Oxidation of alcohols

A

no - would requirea free C-C bond to break but there is non

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12
Q

How can alkenes be formed from alcohols

5.3 Elimination

A

Alkenes can be formed from alcohols by acid-catalysed
elimination reactions.

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Chemistry (32 decks)

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