equilibria Flashcards
2 features of Dynamic equilibrium
- The rate of the forward reaction is the same as the rate of the backward reaction
- concentrations remain constant
Le Chatelier’s principle
If a system at equilibrium is disturbed, the equilibrium moves in the direction that tends to reduce the disturbance
Chemical feedstock
The starting materials in an industrial chemical process
2A(aq) + B(aq) = C(aq) + D(aq)
effect of increasing pressure
- the reaction will shift to oppose the change by favoring the side with fewer molecules
- in this case will favour forwards
2A(aq) + B(aq) = C(aq) + D(aq)
effect of increasing concentration
- if morec reactant is added the equilibrium will shift to counteract - making more product
2A(aq) + B(aq) = C(aq) + D(aq)
effect of increasing temprature
- increasing temp will shift to favour the endothermic reaction
equilibrium constant (Kc)
indicates the position of equilibrium for a reaction at a certain temperature
factors that effect Kc
only temprature - as the equilibrium position change results in different concentrations of reactants and products.
how to calculate amount,in mols, of a substance in an equilibrium mixture
3 steps
I - initial
C - change
E - equilibrium
how to calculate partial pressure
2 steps
mol fraction=equilibrium/total mol
Pp= mol fractrion x total pressure (KPa)