Periodic Trends

Question 1

coulombic attraction

Answer 1

“electrostatic force”:
the force of attraction or repulsion between charged particles

Question 2

what affects coulombic attraction?

Answer 2

1. the signs of the particles
2. the distance between the particles
3. their charge’s magnitude

Question 3

if the charge of a particle increases…

Answer 3

the magnitude of electrostatic forces also increases

Question 4

if the distance between particles increases…

Answer 4

the magnitude of electrostatic force quickly decreases

Question 5

coulomb’s law

Answer 5

the electrostatic force between two charged particles:
F oc (q1 x q2)/ r^2
(f is the force, q charge of particle)

Question 6

what is coulomb’s law?

Answer 6

a proportionality

Question 7

how to find nucleus and e- attraction?

Answer 7

F oc (q nuc x q2)/ r^2

Question 8

what happens if both charges are the same, or different in coulomb’s law?

Answer 8

same: repulsive force
different: attractive force

Question 9

shielding is…

Answer 9

when when outer electrons are repulsed by inner electrons, and therefore feel lesser pull towards the nucleus

Question 10

shielding across and down:

Answer 10

across a period: shielding doesn’t increase a lot (same outer shell)
down a group: shielding increases a lot (extra outer shells, so more inner e-)

Question 11

effective nuclear charge (zeff)

Answer 11

the amount of charge an electron actually feels from the nucleus
zeff = z - s

Question 12

Fe

Answer 12

Another aka of electrostatic force / coulombic attraction

Question 13

across a period

Answer 13

zeff increases, attraction btwn nuc and e-s increases, as shielding up, but nuc charge upup

Question 14

down a group

Answer 14

zeff increases, distance INCREASES, so attraction decreases (shielding and charge increase, but distance even more)

Question 15

ionization energy

Answer 15

the E needed to remove 1 e-

Question 16

e- affinity

Answer 16

the E released when 1 e- is gained

Question 17

electronegativity

Answer 17

an atom’s tendency to attract e- density in a bond (lower it is, the more it shares e-s)

Question 18

across a period trends

Answer 18

radius down
IE up
EA up
ENEG up

Question 19

down a group trends

Answer 19

radius up
IE down
EA down
ENEG down

Question 20

why is distance more powerful than charge in coulomb’s law?

Answer 20

b/ distance is SQUARED and in the denom (:

Question 21

IE trends

Answer 21

up in a period b/ it takes more energy to take an e- from more charge, down in a group b/ opposite

jumps for each IE, jumps a LOT if losing a shell

Question 22

radius trends

Answer 22

down in a period b/ the more p+s, the more the e-s are pulled in, up in a group b/ opposite

Question 23

EA trends

Answer 23

up in a group b/

Question 24

electronegativity trends

Answer 24

up in a period b/ more charge means the less it wants to share and down in a group b/ the less charge, the easier it is to share

Question 25

IE exceptions

Answer 25

1. lower when 1 e- is on a higher sublevel (like p vs s) b/ it takes less energy to pull off a single e- in a dif sublevel
2. lower when 1 pair of e-s is in one orbital b/ more e- - e- repulsion, and easier to remove