Chemistry Fundamentals

Question 1

chemistry

Answer 1

the science of matter

Question 1

science

Answer 1

a process of summarizing information: concepts supported by experiments and observations; conclusion from a lengthy, repeating process

Question 2

naturalism

Answer 2

philosophy: explaining events without the beliefs of supernatural intervention

Question 3

empiricism

Answer 3

all knowledge can be explained through systematic observation

Question 4

experiments

Answer 4

systematic experiments to obtain conclusions (emphasis: repeatedly)

Question 5

scientific method

Answer 5

controlled experiments with systematically varied conditions

Question 6

parsimony

Answer 6

the simplest explanation is most likely, falsibility

Question 7

correlation

Answer 7

two variables linked by a positive or negative trend

Question 8

causation

Answer 8

when one variable’s trends results in the other variable’s trends

Question 9

matter

Answer 9

anything with mass or with volume

Question 10

qualitative

Answer 10

observations described with language

Question 11

quantitative

Answer 11

measured observations described with numbers and units

Question 12

sigfigs

Answer 12

“signifigant figures”: #s measured with a device written with the proper degree of uncertainty, including certain digits and 1 uncertain digit at the end

Question 13

always a sigfig

Answer 13

-from an electronic measuring device
-non 0 digits
-captive 0s

Question 14

sometimes a sigfig

Answer 14

-trailing zeros: with a decimal place YES, without a decimal place NO

Question 15

never a sigfig

Answer 15

-leading zeros

Question 16

scientific notation

Answer 16

a way to discuss really big/small numbers and communicate precision without obscurity (nothing in scientific notation is a sigfig)

Question 17

scientific notation rules

Answer 17

multiply & divide: answer must have same # of sfs
add & subtract: answer must have same # of decimal digits

Question 18

dimensional analysis

Answer 18

analysis of the relationships between physical quantities by identifying them and the units of measurement and tracking these dimensions as calculations

Question 19

units in operations

Answer 19

add: same
subtract: same
multiply: multiplied
divide: can cancel, or divided

Question 20

unit conversions

Answer 20

using conversion factors (reciprocal) to cancel out unwanted units to get the wanted unit

Question 21

compound units

Answer 21

units in both numerator and denominator

Question 22

powered units

Answer 22

units that include exponents (when calculating, calculate exponents with WHOLE fractions)

Question 23

unit hacking

Answer 23

using units to derive definitions

Question 24

know the states of matter and their properties

Answer 24

solid, liquid, gas
- definite/flow shape&vol.
- vibration?

Question 25

substances

Answer 25

have a chemical composition that is consistent throughout (a type of matter): consists of elements and compounds

Question 26

elements

Answer 26

composed of 1 type of atom, has an atomic symbol, can not break down

Question 27

compounds

Answer 27

consists of 2+ elements in a consistent ratio, can be broken down into smaller compounds or atoms

Question 28

mixture

Answer 28

a physical blend of 2+ substances with varying proportions, not bonded

Question 29

homogenous mixtures

Answer 29

consistent composition aka a solution

Question 30

heterogeneous mixtures

Answer 30

components have distinct phases

Question 31

extensive properties

Answer 31

properties that depend on the amount of material

Question 32

intensive properties

Answer 32

properties that don’t depend on sample size

Question 33

chemical properties

Answer 33

how a substance changes/reacts to form other substances, the ability to undergo specific change