Coulombic Attraction & Compounds

Question 1

NO3^-

Answer 1

nitrate

Question 2

SO4^2-

Answer 2

sulfate

Question 3

PO4^3-

Answer 3

phosphate

Question 4

CO3^2-

Answer 4

carbonate

Question 5

OH^-

Answer 5

hydroxide

Question 6

NH4^+

Answer 6

ammonium

Question 7

nitrate

Answer 7

NO3^-

Question 8

sulfate

Answer 8

SO4^2-

Question 9

phosphate

Answer 9

PO4^3-

Question 10

carbonate

Answer 10

CO3^2-

Question 11

hydroxide

Answer 11

OH^-

Question 12

ammonium

Answer 12

NH4^+

Question 13

what is special about ammonium?

Answer 13

only relevant/most common polyatomic ion with a positive charge

Question 14

polyatomic ions

Answer 14

ions with 2+ atoms covalently bonded that act as a unit with a collective charge

Question 15

monoatomic ion

Answer 15

ion with 1 atom

Question 16

ionic bonding

Answer 16

electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged particles

Question 17

ion formation

Answer 17

the transfer of electrons (dif. from ionic bonding)

Question 18

cations are ___ than their parent atoms

Answer 18

smaller!
b/ less e- means less e-:e- repulsion, and the cloud contracts

Question 19

anions are ___ than their parent atoms

Answer 19

larger!
b/ more e- means more e-:e- repulsion, and the cloud expands to compensate

Question 20

compound

Answer 20

2+ elements bonded together in a fixed ratio

Question 21

ionic compound

Answer 21

2+ IONS bonded together in a fixed ratio held together by coulombic attraction

Question 22

cation

Answer 22

a positively charged ion

Question 23

anion

Answer 23

a negatively charged ion

Question 24

ionic compounds are ____ at room temp

Answer 24

solid, in a 3D crystal structure

Question 25

ionic compounds have ____ melting points

Answer 25

HIGH b/ moving ions past each other puts the ions close to each other

Question 26

ionic compounds have ____ boiling points

Answer 26

LOW b/ to make the ions separate, it breaks coulombic attraction

Question 27

ionic compounds are soluble or not soluble in water

Answer 27

soluble: it is a continuem happens b/ water stabilizes the separating ions

Question 28

solubility

Answer 28

how much of a compound dissolves in water, measured in (g dissolved)/(100g of water)

Question 29

if 2 ionic mixtures (w/ H2O) mix...

Answer 29

ions collide, and solid precipitates can be formed by ions whose compounds have low solubility

Question 30

octet

Answer 30

the most stable form of an atom, an atom w/ full s- and p- sublevels in the outer shell

Question 31

metals react by...

Answer 31

losing e-, form cations w/ an octet

Question 32

transition metals react by...

Answer 32

losing e-, # can't be predicted based off of the periodic table

Question 33

nonmetals react by....

Answer 33

gaining e-, form anions w/ octets

Question 34

metal cations

Answer 34

group 1: 1+ charge group 2: 2+ charge Al: exception, loses 3- for 3+ chare

Question 35

transition metal exceptions

Answer 35

Ag (silver): 1+ charge Zn (zinc): 2+ charge Cd (cadmium): 2+ charge

Question 36

nonmetals anions

Answer 36

group 15: 3- charge group 16: 2- charge group 17: 1- charge

Question 37

chemical formulas

Answer 37

are neutral, so charges must cancel (crisscross method!)

Question 38

conductivity

Answer 38

how much electricity a material can conduct (based on how many mobile charged particles)

Question 39

when can ions conduct electricity?

Answer 39

mobile and charged - ionic solids can't (not mobile) - ionic liquids and solutions can (melted and dissolved so they're mobile)