Coulombic Attraction & Compounds Flashcards
NO3^-
nitrate
SO4^2-
sulfate
PO4^3-
phosphate
CO3^2-
carbonate
OH^-
hydroxide
NH4^+
ammonium
nitrate
NO3^-
sulfate
SO4^2-
phosphate
PO4^3-
carbonate
CO3^2-
hydroxide
OH^-
ammonium
NH4^+
what is special about ammonium?
only relevant/most common polyatomic ion with a positive charge
polyatomic ions
ions with 2+ atoms covalently bonded that act as a unit with a collective charge
monoatomic ion
ion with 1 atom
ionic bonding
electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged particles
ion formation
the transfer of electrons (dif. from ionic bonding)
cations are ___ than their parent atoms
smaller!
b/ less e- means less e-:e- repulsion, and the cloud contracts
anions are ___ than their parent atoms
larger!
b/ more e- means more e-:e- repulsion, and the cloud expands to compensate
compound
2+ elements bonded together in a fixed ratio
ionic compound
2+ IONS bonded together in a fixed ratio held together by coulombic attraction
cation
a positively charged ion
anion
a negatively charged ion
ionic compounds are ____ at room temp
solid, in a 3D crystal structure
ionic compounds have ____ melting points
HIGH b/ moving ions past each other puts the ions close to each other
ionic compounds have ____ boiling points
LOW b/ to make the ions separate, it breaks coulombic attraction
ionic compounds are soluble or not soluble in water
soluble: it is a continuem
happens b/ water stabilizes the separating ions
solubility
how much of a compound dissolves in water, measured in (g dissolved)/(100g of water)
if 2 ionic mixtures (w/ H2O) mix…
ions collide, and solid precipitates can be formed by ions whose compounds have low solubility
octet
the most stable form of an atom, an atom w/ full s- and p- sublevels in the outer shell
metals react by…
losing e-, form cations w/ an octet
transition metals react by…
losing e-, # can’t be predicted based off of the periodic table
nonmetals react by….
gaining e-, form anions w/ octets
metal cations
group 1: 1+ charge
group 2: 2+ charge
Al: exception, loses 3- for 3+ chare
transition metal exceptions
Ag (silver): 1+ charge
Zn (zinc): 2+ charge
Cd (cadmium): 2+ charge
nonmetals anions
group 15: 3- charge
group 16: 2- charge
group 17: 1- charge
chemical formulas
are neutral, so charges must cancel (crisscross method!)
conductivity
how much electricity a material can conduct (based on how many mobile charged particles)
when can ions conduct electricity?
mobile and charged
- ionic solids can’t (not mobile)
- ionic liquids and solutions can (melted and dissolved so they’re mobile)
