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YYY GCSE stuff: Chemistry > Periodic Table > Flashcards

Periodic Table Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a group?

A

vertical column

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2
Q

what is a period?

A

horizontal row

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3
Q

why do elements in the same group have the similar chemical properties?

A

have the same number of electrons in outer shell`

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4
Q

why are metals good conductors of electricity?

A

allow charge to pass through them

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5
Q

what is the acid-base character of metals?

A

they are basic

- dissolve to form alkaline solutions - pH>7

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6
Q

what is the acid-base character of non-metals?

A

they are acidic

- dissolve to form acidic solutions - pH

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7
Q

what does inert mean?

A

does not react easily

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8
Q

why are noble gases inert?

A

they have full outer shell (stable)

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9
Q

use of helium

A

balloons

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10
Q

use of neon

A

advertising signs

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11
Q

use of argon

A

lightbulbs

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12
Q

use of krypton

A

lasers

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13
Q

use of xenon

A

photographic flashes

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14
Q

physical properties of alkali metals

A
  • conductors of electricity and heat
  • soft - easily cut with knife
  • low density (float on water)
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15
Q

chemical properties of Li, Na, K

A
  • shiny surfaces when cut but instantly tarnishes
  • burn in air to form white, solid oxides (have to be kept under oil)
  • react with water to form metal hydroxide and hydrogen
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16
Q

observation of lithium reaction with water

A
  • moves around surface
  • bubbles of gas
  • gets smaller and smaller; eventually disappears
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17
Q

observation of sodium reaction with water

A
  • moves around surface
  • bubbles of gas
  • melts into shiny ball
  • gets smaller and smaller; eventually disappears
18
Q

observation of potassium reaction with water

A
  • moves around surface
  • bubbles of gas
  • melts in ball
  • burns with lilac flame
    • gets smaller and smaller; eventually disappears
19
Q

why is potassium the most reactive out of lithium, sodium and potassium?

A
  • has more shielding
  • greater distance between outer electron and nucleus
  • lower attraction force
20
Q

use of lithium

A

battery anode

21
Q

use of sodium

A

salt (in sodium chloride)/ street lights

22
Q

use of potassium

A

fertilisers

23
Q

use of rubidium

A

vacuum tubes

24
Q

trend for density of alkali metals

A

increases down group

25
Q

trend for BP/MP of alkali metals

A

decreases down group

26
Q

what is the state and colour at room temperature of chlorine?

A
  • gas

- green

27
Q

what is the colour of aqueous chlorine?

A
  • pale green

- when diluted, colourless

28
Q

what is the state and colour at room temperature of bromine?

A
  • liquid

- red-brown (evaporated to form brown gas)

29
Q

what is the colour of aqueous bromine?

A
  • orange

- when diluted, yellow

30
Q

what is the state and colour at room temperature of iodine?

A
  • solid

- black (sublimes when heated form purple gas)

31
Q

what is the colour of aqueous iodine?

A

brown

32
Q

what is hydrogen chloride, HCl?

A

colourless gas at room temperature

33
Q

what is hydrochloric acid, HCl?

A

hydrogen chloride dissolved in water

34
Q

reaction of hydrogen and chlorine

A

forms hydrogen chloride when exposed to UV light

35
Q

reaction of hydrogen and bromine

A

hydrogen and bromine vapour will react when heated

36
Q

reaction of hydrogen and iodine

A

hydrogen and iodine vapour will react when heated but not fully

37
Q

reaction of chlorine and hot iron wool

A
  • wool glows brightly
  • forms brown smoke
  • brown solid formed
38
Q

reaction of bromine and hot iron wool

A
  • wool glows less brightly
  • forms brown smoke
  • brown solid formed
39
Q

reaction of iodine and hot iron wool

A
  • wool glows even less brightly
  • forms brown smoke
  • brown solid formed
40
Q

trend for reactivity of halogens

A

less reactive down group

YYY GCSE stuff: Chemistry (21 decks)

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