Organic Chemistry: Alkanes/Alkenes Flashcards
What is a homologous series?
a series of compounds that have the same gerneral formula, similar chemical reactions and where each member differs from the next by CH2
what is a general formula?
formula which states the ratio of atoms of each element of every compound in a homologous series
What is the general formula of alkenes?
CnH2n
Name these molecular formulae:
C2H4 -
C3H6 -
C4H8 -
- ethene
- propene
- butene
butene can be displayed in three different formats - name and describe the technical term for this
structural isomers- compounds with same molecular formula but different structure
What name is given to the reaction of alkenes with halogens?
addition reactions
In what conditions do alkenes react with bromine?
- no heat or catalyst
How is bromine used to test for double bond?
- shake alkene with bromine water
- should decolourise from brown to colourless
Describe what happens to the bonds in an alkene during an addition reaction
the double bond is split and a halogen atom is added to each of these two carbon atoms
What is the general formula of alkanes?
CnH2n+2
What type of compounds are alkanes?
they are saturated compounds- maximum number of hydrogen atoms per carbon atoms / all bonds are single bonds
What are the products of incomplete combustion?
carbon monoxide and water
What is the effect of carbon monoxide on the body?
- poisonous, toxic gas
- attaches to red blood cells
- stops oxygen getting to cells
What name is given to the reaction of alkanes with bromine?
substitution reaction
In what conditions do alkanes react with bromine?
in the presence of UV light
