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YYY GCSE stuff: Chemistry > Industrial processes > Flashcards

Industrial processes Flashcards

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1
Q

Raw materials needed for Haber Process

A
  • nitrogen

- hydrogen

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2
Q

Where is the nitrogen obtained from?

A

air

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3
Q

Where is the hydrogen obtained from?

A
  • natural gas

- cracking hydrocarbons

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4
Q

What temperature is used for Haber Process?

A

450 oc

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5
Q

Why is this temperature used for the Haber process?

A

it is a COMPROMISE TEMPERATURE - favours low temperature but too low would be to slow to produce ammonia

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6
Q

What pressure is used for the Haber Process?

A

200atm

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7
Q

Why is this pressure used for the Haber process?

A

it is a COMPROMISE PRESSURE - favours high pressure but over 200atm would be too expensive

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8
Q

What catalyst is used for the Haber Process?

A

iron

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9
Q

What is the volume proportion of nitrogen to hydrogen?

A

1:3

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10
Q

What type of reaction is making ammonia?

A

reversible reaction

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11
Q

How is the ammonia separated from the mixture?

A
  • mixture leaves reaction vessel and cools

- ammonia liquefies and is tapped off

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12
Q

Uses of ammonia

A
  • fertilisers
  • nitric acid
  • nylon
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13
Q

Raw materials needed for Contact Process

A
  • sulphur

- oxygen

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14
Q

Where is the sulphur obtained from?

A

iron pyrite

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15
Q

Where is the oxygen obtained from?

A

excess air

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16
Q

What temperature is used for Contact Process?

A

450c

17
Q

Why is this temperature used for the Contact process?

A

it is a COMPROMISE TEMPERATURE - low temperature gives high conversion but not too low to slow down the reaction

18
Q

What pressure is used for Contact Process?

A

1-2atm

19
Q

Why is this pressure used for the Contact process?

A

favours high pressure but it is not economical so low pressure is used and is still effective

20
Q

What catalyst is used for the Contact Process?

A

Vanadium oxide

21
Q

Stages to make dilute sulphuric acid

A

sulphur dioxide ➡ sulphur trioxide ➡ oleum ➡ dilute sulphuric acid

22
Q

What are the problems with the Contact Process?

A

excess sulphur dioxide can cause pollution so excess oxygen is necessary

23
Q

Uses of sulphuric acid

A
  • detergents
  • fertilisers
  • paints
24
Q

Raw material needed for Electrolysis of Brine

A

salt solution (sodium chloride in solution)

25
Q

Where is the salt solution obtained from?

A

underground salt deposits

26
Q

What is the anode made from?

A

titanium

27
Q

What is the cathode made from?

A

steel

28
Q

What is the diaphragm made from?

A

porous material

29
Q

What is formed at the anode?

A

1 chlorine molecule (+2 electrons)

30
Q

What is formed at the cathode?

A

1 hydrogen molecule

31
Q

What are the problems with electrolysis of brine?

A
  • chlorine in contact with NaOH reacts to make bleach

- chlorine reacts violently with hydrogen in exposure to sunlight to form hydrogen chloride

32
Q

What are the three outputs of electrolysis of brine?

A
  • chlorine
  • NaOH
  • hydrogen
33
Q

Uses of chlorine

A
  • bleach
  • HCl acid
  • sterilising agent
  • PVC
34
Q

Uses of NaOH

A
  • bleach
  • paper pulp
  • soap
  • detergent

YYY GCSE stuff: Chemistry (21 decks)

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