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YYY GCSE stuff: Chemistry > Acids, alkalis and salts > Flashcards

Acids, alkalis and salts Flashcards

1
Q

What colour is phenolphthalein when acidic?

A

colourless

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2
Q

What colour is phenolphthalein when alkali?

A

pink

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3
Q

What colour is methyl orange when acidic?

A

red

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4
Q

What colour is methyl orange when alkali?

A

yellow

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5
Q

What colour is litmus paper when acidic?

A

red

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6
Q

What colour is litmus paper when neutral?

A

purple

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7
Q

What colour is litmus paper when alkali?

A

blue

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8
Q

What is the pH scale range?

A

0-14

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9
Q

What range is classed as strongly acidic?

A

0-3

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10
Q

What range is classed as weakly acidic?

A

4-6

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11
Q

What pH number is classed as neutral?

A

7

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12
Q

What range is classed as weakly alkali?

A

8-10

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13
Q

What range is classed as strongly alkali?

A

11-14

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14
Q

what are the two forms of universal indicator?

A
  • solution in ethanol

- pH paper

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15
Q

How to use pH paper with a gas

A
  • damp paper first

- then put in gas

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16
Q

How to use pH paper with a solution

A
  • one drop of solution placed on pH paper
17
Q

What is an acid?

A

proton donor - source of H+ ions

18
Q

What is a base?

A

proton acceptor - source of OH- ions

19
Q

acid + metal ➡

A

salt + hydrogen

20
Q

acid + metal oxide➡

A

salt + water

21
Q

acid + metal hydroxide➡

A

salt + water

22
Q

acid + metal carbonate ➡

A

salt + water + carbon dioxide

23
Q

Which common salts are all soluble?

A
  • sodium salts
  • potassium salts
  • ammonium salts
  • nitrates
24
Q

which chloride is not soluble?

A

silver chloride

25
Q

which sulfates are not soluble?

A

barium and calcium

26
Q

apart from ammonium, potassium and sodium, common carbonates are ..

27
Q

Describe how to prepare soluble salts using excess method (except potassium and sodium)

A
  • heat dilute acid in beaker using bunsen burner (making sure acid doesn’t boil)
  • add insoluble base at a time until in excess
  • filter mixture to get a pure solution into evaporating dish
  • leave filtrate in warm place for water to evaporate and crystals form
  • remove crystals and dry them with filter paper
28
Q

How do you know when a base is in excess?

A
  • suspension of the base forms in acid
29
Q

what is a titration?

A
  • a method of determining the exact volume of solution needed to react with a given volume of another solution
30
Q

describe how to carry out an acid-alkali titration

A
  • put 25cm3 of alkali solution in conical flask using volumetric pipette
  • add few drops of indicator
  • put acid into burette and note initial reading
  • add acid to alkali until indicator just changes colour
  • note final reading and subtract initial readaing to find exact volume
  • repeat without indicator

YYY GCSE stuff: Chemistry (21 decks)

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