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Chemistry > Periodic table > Flashcards

Periodic table Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the trends going down a group

A
  • Atomic radii increases
  • Atomic number increases
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2
Q

What are the trends going across a period

A
  • Atomic number increases
  • Metallic character decreases
  • Oxide properties change
    (Basic > Amphoteric > Acidic)
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3
Q

Define metallic character

A

Metallic character is the ability of an atom to lose valence electrons to form positive ions

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4
Q

What are G1 elements called

A

Alkali Metals

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5
Q

What are the physical properties of G1 elements

A
  • Good electrical conductors
  • Soft
  • Shiny
  • Low density
  • Low melting points
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6
Q

What are the chemical properties of G1 elements

A
  • Melting point decreases down the group
  • Reactivity increases down the group
  • React vigorously with oxygen to produce a metal oxide
  • React vigorously with water to produce metal hydroxide + H2 gas
  • React vigorously and burn brightly when heated with Cl2 to form metal chloride
  • Basic in nature
  • Behave as powerful reducing agents
  • Carbonates are thermally stable
  • Must be stored in oil
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7
Q

Why must G1 elements be stored in oil

A

Prevents the metals from becoming tarnished when reacting with oxygen and water vapour in air

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8
Q

Why does reactivity of G1 elements increase down the group

A
  • Down the group, atomic radius increases
  • Valence shell will be further from the nucleus
  • There will be weaker electrostatic forces of attraction between the nucleus and valence electrons
  • Smaller amount of energy is needed to remove valence electrons
  • Valence electrons are lost more readily
  • Reactivity increases down the grp
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9
Q

What are the physical properties of transition metals

A
  • Good electrical conductors
  • High melting and boiling points
  • High density
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10
Q

What are the chemical properties of transition metals

A
  • Exhibit variable oxidation states
  • Form coloured compounds
  • Act as good catalysts
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11
Q

Name some catalysts and their uses

A

Iron - Haber Process
Nickel - Margarine production

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12
Q

What are the physical properties of G17 elements

A
  • Exist as diatomic molecules
  • Elements are coloured
  • Low melting and boiling points
  • Electrical insulators
  • Soluble in water
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13
Q

What are G17 elements called

A

Halogens

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14
Q

What is the colour od aqueous bromine

A

Orange

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15
Q

What is the colour of fluorine gas

A

Pale yellow

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16
Q

What is the colour of chlorine gas

A

Greenish-yellow

17
Q

What is the colour of aqueous chlorine

A

Pale yellow

18
Q

What is the colour of iodine gas

A

Purple

19
Q

What is the colour of liquid bromine

A

Red-brown

20
Q

What are the chemical properties of G17 elements

A
  • Melting and boiling points increase down the group
  • Reactivity decreases down the group
  • Behave as powerful oxidising agents
  • Undergo displacement reactions
  • Can form both ionic and covalent compounds
21
Q

Why do melting and boiling points of G17 elements increase down the group

A
  • Size of halogen molecules increase down the group
  • Greater surface areas of interaction between larger molecules
  • More energy required to overcome strong intermolecular forces of attractions
22
Q

Why does reactivity of G17 elements decrease down the group

A
  • Down the group, atomic radius increases
  • Distance between nucleus and valence shell increases
  • Electrostatic forces of attraction between nucleus and valence shell are weaker
  • More difficult for nucleus to attract an electron into the valence shell
  • Electrons are gained less readily into valence shell
  • Reactivity decreases down the group
23
Q

How do G17 elements undergo displacement reactions

A

More reactive halogen will displace a less reactive halogen from its aqueous halide solution

24
Q

What are the uses of some halogens

A

Chlorine used as a disinfectant and bleaching agent

25
Q

What are G18 elements called

A

Noble Gases

26
Q

What are the properties of G18 elements

A
  • Monatomic
  • Low melting and boiling pts
  • Insoluble in water
  • Chemically inert
27
Q

Which Noble Gas does not have a stable octet configuration

A

Helium

28
Q

What are some Noble Gases and their uses

A

Helium - Fill up balloons
Neon - Advertisement lights
Argon - Fill up light bulbs

29
Q

Why must argon be used to fill up light bulbs

A

Provides an inert environment to protect tungsten filament from reacting with oxygen under high temperature

Chemistry (16 decks)

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