Particulate Nature of Matter Flashcards
1
Q
Define matter
A
Matter is a substance that has mass and occupies space
2
Q
Describe liquids
A
- Closely packed in random arrangement
- Strong forces of attraction between particles
- Free to move within liquid by sliding over one another
- Low kinetic energy
3
Q
Describe solids
A
- Very closely packed in regular arrangement
- Very strong forces of attraction between particles
- Vibrate about fixed positions
- Very low kinetic energy
3
Q
What is the Kinetic Particle Theory
A
Kinetic Particle Theory states that all matter is made up of tiny particles that are in constant random motion
4
Q
What happens when a liquid is cooled
A
- Particles lose kinetic energy and move more slowly
- Forces of attraction between particles become stronger and particles move closer together
- Particles vibrate about fixed positions, liquid has frozen to solid
4
Q
What happens when a solid is heated
A
- Particles gain kinetic energy and vibrate faster
- Particles overcome forces of attraction between them and move further apart
- Particles now slide over one another, solid has melted to liquid
4
Q
Describe gases
A
- Far apart in random arrangement
- Negligible forces of attraction between particles
- Move at high speed in all directions
- High kinetic energy
5
Q
What are some differences between boiling and evaporation
A
- Boiling is faster
- Boiling involved bubbles
- Boiling occurs throughout the liquid, evaporation only at surface
- Boiling occurs at fixed temperature, evaporation occurs at all temperatures
- Boiling requires energy source
6
Q
What are substances that sublime
A
- Iodine
- Ammonium chloride
- Naphthalene
- Solid carbon dioxide
7
Q
Define deposition
A
Direct solidification of a vapour by cooling, the reverse process of sublimation
8
Q
Define diffusion
A
Diffusion is the net movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration due to constant random motion of particles
