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Chemistry > Acids Bases Salts > Flashcards

Acids Bases Salts Flashcards

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1
Q

Define an acid

A

An acid is a substance that dissociates in water to give hydrogen ions

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2
Q

When does an acid exhibit acid properties

A

When dissolved in water

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3
Q

Define strength of an acid

A

Strength of an acid depends on the extent of dissociation of the acid molecules in water

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4
Q

Define basicity of an acid

A

Basicity of an acid is the maximum number of hydrogen ions produced when one molecule of acid dissociates in water

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5
Q

What is a strong acid

A

A strong acid is one that completely dissociates in water to give hydrogen ions

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6
Q

What is a weak acid

A

A weak acid is one that partially dissociates in water to give hydrogen ions

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7
Q

What are some strong acids

A
  • HCl
  • H2SO4
  • HNO3
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8
Q

What are some weak acids

A
  • CH3COOH
  • H3PO4
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9
Q

Why can aqueous acids conduct electricity

A
  • Acid molecules dissociate to form ions in the presence of water
  • Presence of free-moving ions allow aqueous acids to conduct electricity
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10
Q

Define a base

A

A base is a substance that reacts with an acid to produce salt and water only

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10
Q

What are the chemical properties of acids

A

Acid+Reactive metal –> Salt+H2
Acid+Metal carbonate –> Salt+CO2+H2O
Acid+Base –> Salt+H2O

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11
Q

What is a strong alkali

A

A strong alkali is one that completely dissociates in water to give hydroxide ions

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12
Q

Define an alkali

A

An alkali is a base that dissociates in water to give hydroxide ions

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13
Q

What is a weak alkali

A

A weak alkali is one that partially dissociates in water to give hydroxide ions

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14
Q

What are some strong alkalis

A
  • NaOH
  • KOH
  • Ca(OH)2
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15
Q

What are some weak alkalis

A
  • NH3
  • NaCO3
16
Q

What are the chemical properties of alkalis

A

Base+Acid –> Salt+H2O
Alkali+Ammonium salt –> Salt+H2O+NH3

16
Q

What is pH

A

pH is a measure of acidity or alkalinity

17
Q

What are acidic oxides

A
  • Non-metal oxides
  • If soluble, dissolve and react with water to produce acids
  • React with alkalis to produce salt and water
17
Q

What does pH measure

A

Concentration of hydrogen ions in solution

18
Q

Define an indicator

A

An indicator is an organic compound which changes colour in accordance with the pH of the solution

18
Q

What are basic oxides

A
  • Metal oxides
  • If soluble, dissolve and react with water to produce alkalis
  • React with acids to produce salt and water
19
Q

What are amphoteric oxides

A
  • Metal oxides
  • ZnO, Al2O3, PbO
  • Do not dissolve in water
  • Can behave as acidic or basic oxides
19
Q

What are neutral oxides

A
  • Non-metal oxides
  • Do not dissolve in water
  • Do not react with acids or alkalis
20
Q

How is a salt formed

A

A salt is formed when the hydrogen ions of the acid are partially or completely replaced by a metal ion or ammonium ion

21
Q

Why is excess solid reactant used for preparation of soluble salt except G1 and ammonium salt

A
  • Ensure that all the acid has completely reacted with the solid reactant
  • Resulting salt solution will not be contaminated
21
Q

How to obtain an insoluble salt

A

Precipitation
- Cation solution + Anion solution

21
Q

What is water of crystallisation

A

Water of crystallisation is the water molecules loosely associated with a salt

22
Q

Define precipitation

A

Precipitation is a chemical reaction where mixing 2 aqueous solutions forms an insoluble precipitate

23
Q

How to obtain G1 and ammonium salts

A

Titration
- Acid+Alkali
- Acid+Soluble carbonate

24
Q

How to obtain a soluble salt except G1 and ammonium salts

A
  • Acid+Insoluble carbonate (Excess)
  • Acid+Insoluble base (Excess)
  • Acid+Reactive metal (Excess)

Chemistry (16 decks)

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