Period III Exam

Question 1

nomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula with a culture based on herding camels and goats

Answer 1

Bedouin

Question 2

Arabian commercial center; dominated by the Quraysh; the home of Muhammad and the future center of Islam

Answer 2

Mecca

Question 3

town northeast of Mecca; asked Muhammad to resolve its intergroup differences; Muhammad’s flight to Medina, the hijra, in 622 began the Muslim calendar

Answer 3

Medina

Question 4

clan of the Quraysh that dominated Mecca; later an Islamic dynasty

Answer 4

Umayyad

Question 5

(570-632); prophet of Allah; originally a merchant of the Quraysh

Answer 5

Muhammad

Question 6

the word of god as revealed through Muhammad; made into the holy book of Islam

Answer 6

Qur’an

Question 7

community of the faithful within Islam

Answer 7

Umma

Question 8

Five Pillars

Answer 8

-confession of faith
-prayer
-fasting during Ramadan
-giving of alms
-hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca)

Question 9

the successor to Muhammad as head of the Islamic community

Answer 9

Caliph

Question 10

succeeded Muhammad as the first caliph

Answer 10

Abu Bakr

Question 11

Islamic holy war

Answer 11

Jihad

Question 12

followers of the majority interpretation within Islam; included the Umayyads

Answer 12

Sunnis

Question 13

followers of Ali’s interpretation of Islam

Answer 13

Shi’a

Question 14

“the people of the book”– Jews, Christians; later extended to Zoroastrians and Hindus

Answer 14

Dhimmis

Question 15

dynasty that succeeded the Umayyads in 750; their capital was at Baghdad

Answer 15

Abbasids

Question 16

nomadic invaders from central Asia; staunch Sunnis; ruled from the 11th c. in the name of the Abbasids

Answer 16

Seljuk Turks

Question 17

invasions of western Christians into Muslim lands, especially Palestine; captured Jerusalem and established Christian kingdoms enduring until 1291

Answer 17

Crusades

Question 18

Islamic religious scholars; pressed for a more conservative and restrictive theology; opposed to non-Islamic thinking

Answer 18

Ulama

Question 19

Islamic mystics; spread Islam to many Afro-Asian regions

Answer 19

Sufis

Question 20

central Asian nomadic peoples; captured Baghdad in 1258 and killed the last Abbasid caliph

Answer 20

Mongols

Question 21

(1162-1227); Mongol ruler; defeated the Turkish Persian kingdoms

Answer 21

Chinggis Khan

Question 22

flourishing trading city/port in Malaya; established a trading empire after the fall of Shrivijaya

Answer 22

Malacca

Question 23

state of the Malinke people centered between the Senegal and Niger rivers

Answer 23

Mali

Question 24

title of the ruler of Mali

Answer 24

Mansa Musa

Question 25

Arab traveler throughout the Muslim world

Answer 25

Ibn Battuta

Question 26

successor state to Mali; dominated middle reaches of the Niger valley; capital at Gao

Answer 26

Songhay

Question 27

urbanized commercial centers mixing African and Arab cultures; included Mogadishu, Mombasa, Malindi, Kilwas, Pate, and Zanzibar

Answer 27

East African trading ports

Question 28

with massive stone buildings and walls, incorporates the greatest early buildings in sub-Saharan Africa

Answer 28

Great Zimbabwe

Question 29

commercial city in Ukraine established by Scandinavians in 9th c; became the center for a kingdom that flourished until 12th c

Answer 29

Kiev

Question 30

ruler of Kiev (980-1015); converted kingdom to Orthodox Christianity

Answer 30

Vladmir I

Question 31

Russian Orthodoxy

Answer 31

Russian form of Christianity brought from Byzantine Empire

Question 32

Carolingian monarch who established large empire in France and Germany circa 800

Answer 32

Charlemagne

Question 33

political heirs to Charlemagne's empire in northern Italy and Germany; claimed title of emperor but failed to develop centralized monarchy

Answer 33

Holy Roman Emperors

Question 34

personal relationship during the Middle Ages by which greater lords provided land to lesser lords in return for military service

Answer 34

Feudalism

Question 35

Great charter issued by King John of England in 1215; represented principle of mutual limits and obligations between rulers and feudal aristocracy, and the supremacy of law

Answer 35

Magna Carta

Question 36

bubonic plague that struck Europe in the 14th c; significantly reduced Europe's population; affected social structure; decimated populations in Asia

Answer 36

Black Death

Question 37

emphasized salvationist aspects of Chinese Buddhism; popular among the masses in East Asia

Answer 37

Mahayana (Pure Land) Buddhism

Question 38

Chinese credit instrument that provided vouchers to merchants to be redeemed at the end of a venture; reduced danger of robbery; an early form of currency

Answer 38

Flying money

Question 39

male imposed practice to mutilate women's feet in order to reduce size; produced pain and restricted movement; helped to confine women to the household; seen a beautiful to the elite.

Answer 39

Footbinding

Question 40

mounted troops of the bushi; loyal to local lords, not the emperor

Answer 40

Samurai

Question 41

one of four regional subdivisions of the Mongol Empire after death of Chinggis Khan; conquered and ruled Russua during the 13th and 14th c

Answer 41

Golden Horde

Question 41

extensive adaptation of Chinese culture in other regions

Answer 41

Sinification

Question 42

one of four regional subdivisions of the Mongol empire after the death of Chinggis Khan; eventually included much of Abbasid empire

Answer 42

Ilkhan khanate