Chapter 9 Quiz

Question 1

Great Muslim theologian, legal scholar,
and Sufi mystic (1058-1111) who was credited with incorporating Sufism into mainstream Islamic thought.

Answer 1

al-Ghazali

Question 2

Dynasty of caliphs who ruled an increasingly fragmented Islamic state from 750 to 1258, eventually becoming little more than figureheads.

Answer 2

Abbasid caliphate

Question 3

Arabic name for Spain (literally “the land of the Vandals”), most of which was conquered by Arab and Berber forces in the early eighth century C.E.

Answer 3

Al-Andalus

Question 4

The ancient name of Asia Minor, part of the Byzantine Empire that was gradually overrun by the Turks and that now is the Republic of Turkey.

Answer 4

Anatolia

Question 5

The “flight” of Muhammad and his original followers from Mecca to Medina in 622 C.E.; the journey marks the starting point of the Islamic calendar.

Answer 5

hijra

Question 6

An academic center for research
and translation of foreign texts that was established in Baghdad in 830 C.E. by the Abbasid caliph al-Mamun.

Answer 6

House of Wisdom

Question 7

Fourteenth-century Arab traveler (1304-1368) who wrote about his extensive journeys throughout the Islamic world.

Answer 7

Ibn Battuta

Question 8

One of the greatest polymaths of the Islamic world (980-1037), a Persian who wrote prolifically on scientific (especially medical) and philosophical issues; he is often known as “Avicenna,” the Latinized form of his name.

Answer 8

Ibn Sina

Question 9

Special tax paid by Jews and Chritians in Muslim-ruled territory in return for freedom to practice their own religion.

Answer 9

jizya

Question 10

Muslim colleges for higher education in the teachings of Islam as well as in secular subjects, founded throughout the Islamic world beginning in the eleventh century.

Answer 10

madrassas

Question 11

Muslim King of Mali (ca. 1280-ca. 1337) who famously undertook a pilgrimage from his West African homeland to the holy city of Mecca

Answer 11

Mansa Musa

Question 12

Pillars of Islam

Answer 12

The five core beliefs and practices required of Muslims:
(1) faith
(2) regular prayer
(3) giving to charity
(4) fasting during Ramadan
(5) a pilgrimage to Mecca

Question 13

The sacred book of Islam, recording the revelations given to the prophet Muhammad; also spelled as Koran

Answer 13

Quran

Question 14

Islamic law, dealing with all matters of both secular and religious life.

Answer 14

sharia

Question 15

A religion that evolved in India, blending elements of Islam and Hinduism; founded by Guru Nanak (1469- 1539)

Answer 15

Sikhism

Question 16

Great city of West Africa, famous as a center of Islamic scholarship in the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries.

Answer 16

Timbuktu

Question 17

a group of Muslim scholars recognized as having specialist knowledge of Islamic sacred law and theology (religious teachings).

Answer 17

ulama

Question 18

Dynasty of caliphs who ruled the vast Islamic world from 661 to 750 C.E.

Answer 18

Umayyad caliphate

Question 19

The community of all believers in Islam

Answer 19

umma

Question 20

containing people and things from many different parts of the world, or having experience of many different places and things

Answer 20

cosmopolitan

Question 21

The largest branch of Islam. After the death of Muhammad, Muslims who believe caliphs don’t need to be descendants of Muhammad.

Answer 21

Sunni

Question 22

The second largest sect of Islam. It originated in the early centuries of Islam perhaps over a political dispute over who would be the next Caliph. They believe only descendants of Muhammad may be caliphs.

Answer 22

Shia