Chapter 9 Quiz Flashcards
Great Muslim theologian, legal scholar,
and Sufi mystic (1058-1111) who was credited with incorporating Sufism into mainstream Islamic thought.
al-Ghazali
Dynasty of caliphs who ruled an increasingly fragmented Islamic state from 750 to 1258, eventually becoming little more than figureheads.
Abbasid caliphate
Arabic name for Spain (literally “the land of the Vandals”), most of which was conquered by Arab and Berber forces in the early eighth century C.E.
Al-Andalus
The ancient name of Asia Minor, part of the Byzantine Empire that was gradually overrun by the Turks and that now is the Republic of Turkey.
Anatolia
The “flight” of Muhammad and his original followers from Mecca to Medina in 622 C.E.; the journey marks the starting point of the Islamic calendar.
hijra
An academic center for research
and translation of foreign texts that was established in Baghdad in 830 C.E. by the Abbasid caliph al-Mamun.
House of Wisdom
Fourteenth-century Arab traveler (1304-1368) who wrote about his extensive journeys throughout the Islamic world.
Ibn Battuta
One of the greatest polymaths of the Islamic world (980-1037), a Persian who wrote prolifically on scientific (especially medical) and philosophical issues; he is often known as “Avicenna,” the Latinized form of his name.
Ibn Sina
Special tax paid by Jews and Chritians in Muslim-ruled territory in return for freedom to practice their own religion.
jizya
Muslim colleges for higher education in the teachings of Islam as well as in secular subjects, founded throughout the Islamic world beginning in the eleventh century.
madrassas
Muslim King of Mali (ca. 1280-ca. 1337) who famously undertook a pilgrimage from his West African homeland to the holy city of Mecca
Mansa Musa
Pillars of Islam
The five core beliefs and practices required of Muslims:
(1) faith
(2) regular prayer
(3) giving to charity
(4) fasting during Ramadan
(5) a pilgrimage to Mecca
The sacred book of Islam, recording the revelations given to the prophet Muhammad; also spelled as Koran
Quran
Islamic law, dealing with all matters of both secular and religious life.
sharia
A religion that evolved in India, blending elements of Islam and Hinduism; founded by Guru Nanak (1469- 1539)
Sikhism
Great city of West Africa, famous as a center of Islamic scholarship in the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries.
Timbuktu
a group of Muslim scholars recognized as having specialist knowledge of Islamic sacred law and theology (religious teachings).
ulama
Dynasty of caliphs who ruled the vast Islamic world from 661 to 750 C.E.
Umayyad caliphate
The community of all believers in Islam
umma
containing people and things from many different parts of the world, or having experience of many different places and things
cosmopolitan
The largest branch of Islam. After the death of Muhammad, Muslims who believe caliphs don’t need to be descendants of Muhammad.
Sunni
The second largest sect of Islam. It originated in the early centuries of Islam perhaps over a political dispute over who would be the next Caliph. They believe only descendants of Muhammad may be caliphs.
Shia
