Chapter 8 Quiz Flashcards
The Sui were known for . . .
their expansion of the canal system, establishing the mandate of heaven, and harsh leaders
The Tang and Song were known for . . .
establishing a state system, and were known for political achievements and cultural vibrancy
The Sui reigned from
589-618
The Tang reigned From
618-907
The Song reigned from
960-1279
Chinese Golden Age achievements
-Bureaucracy and the exam system (favored the rich)
-Profit, population, and urbanization (major economic boom; specialized crops, doubled population, cut down growth force)
-Gunpowder (created as ‘elixir of immortality’, became military revolution)
Hangzhou
-The worlds largest city
-population of 1 million
-Success of grand canal shifted economic focus to Hangzhou
-during qin dynasty it became the new capital started a period known as “the southern song”
Chang’an
capital for Sui, Tang, and early Song
elite women enjoyed freedoms due to nomadic influence
Tang Freedoms
renewed patriarchy due to reading of Confucius
Song restrictions
Practice of foot binding
construction of frail beauty and lack of freedom to move
Womens Changing job opportunities
women’s involvement in textile labor was beginning to shut down due to commercialization of weaving. New jobs in things like domestic service, retail, and “entertainment” or concubines.
China viewed itself as the . . .
middle kingdom
Tribute system was a way to manage . . .
inferior barbarians
Foreigners were supposed to complete . . .
-Tribute missions/ceremonial
-gifts to capital
-perform Kowtows
The Tribute System in Practice
-Gifts more like bribes
-Nomadic raids/conquering into China
Khitan and Jurchen
-Nomadic groups who seized parts of northern china after fall of the tang
-forced the Song to give them silver, silk, and tea -had them move the capital
Cultural Influence across an Ecological Frontier
-Agricultural lifestyle impossible in the steppes/grasslands of central asia
-In contrast the Southern people absorbed into chinese culture
-Turkic influence on courts and military (battle techniques)
-Foreign culture fashionable in Tang (music, fashion, dancing)
-Nativist backlash in south
The Korean state Silla reigned from
688-900
The Korean state Koryo reigned from
918-1392
The Korean state Yi reigned from
1392-1910
Silla was . . .
-assistance from the Tang
-first Korean state to unite the war-like leaders of the peninsula.
-although aided by the Tang they were very apparent about remaining independent.
Tributes and confucianism
new Korean state agreed to be a Tribute state and sent their students to China to learn confucianism later confusionist schools developed in korea.
Yet distinctly Korean
-Although chinese influence in Korea the elite stayed tied to their language and culture
-came up with an alphabet known as Hangul rather than using Chinese alphabets.
-Hangul became popular amongst well known fiction and among women, however it was resisted by conservative male elites.
Japan and China
-Voluntary and selective borrowing due to distance from china.
-Decentralized state creates Samurai
Buddhism and Shinto
-Compared to Korean women Japanese elite women enjoyed freedoms like property rights, and favorable divorce regulations
Shotoku Taishi
-572-622
-famous aristocrat that led a movement studying the Chinese political system to model for a new Japanese state
-started several big missions where scholars, students, artists, etc. visited and learned from china returning their knowledge back to Japan
Spillovers: China’s impact on Eurasia
-Salt making
-paper, and printing
-Gunpowder
-compass
A balance of market forces
China as economic beneficiary
-Cotton
-sugar
-faster rice
-Persian windmills
-Buddhist printing
-Cosmopolitan cities
-respected merchants
