Period 7 test (Progressive Era)

Question 1

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

Answer 1

A deadly Industrial disaster that occured in New York where working (immigrant) women were trapped inside a factory while it was on fire, most died.
Women organized strike union in response.

Question 2

Progressivism

Answer 2

Broad-based reform movement in the 1900s that sought governmental action in solving problems in many areas of American life, including education, public health, economy, labor, the environment, transportation, and politics

Question 3

Theodore ‘Teddy’ Roosevelt

Answer 3

President during the Progressive Era.
A huge environmentalist, opened and created many national parks.
Expanded the power of the executive branch and sought to get rid of bad trusts/businesses that were crippling the economy.

Question 4

Muckraking

Answer 4

A derogatory term adopted by Theodore Roosevelt. Referred the the side of journalism that sought to expose the underside of American life, focused persistent attention on social inequality and sought to expose insanity factory/labor conditions.

Question 5

The Jungle

Answer 5

Written by Upton Sinclair in hopes to educate society on the unfair conditions of workers in the meat factories/industries, yet instead the book exposed the unsanitary conditions of slaughterhouses and how the meat was being processed and handled.
Led to the direct passage of the pure food and drug act.

Question 5

New Immigrants

Answer 5

A term that considered all the people that moved to the U.s during the Progressive Era. Most where coming in from southern/eastern Europe who were trying escape the conditions that would eventually lead to WWI. Held very different ethnicity and religious views, thus America grew distrustful and nativism rose.

Question 6

Consumer Culture

Answer 6

American life lay in enjoying the availability of products from other countries.
Spent increasingly large amounts of money to show their wealth(Conspicuous consumption)

Question 6

American Federation of Labor (AFL)

Answer 6

The largest labor union that attempted to balance the interest of workers and its growing political power in Washington D.C.
Was a very conservative group, sought only to improve and invite white men.

Question 7

Socialist Party

Answer 7

Political party demanding public ownership of major economic enterprises in the United States as well as reforms like recognition of Labor unions and women’s suffrage.
Leader was Eugene V. Debs(labor reformer)

Question 8

Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)

Answer 8

Radical union led by Eugene V. Debs; that sought to organize workers along the lines of industrial unions rather than the specialized trade, or craft, unions of the American Federation of Labor.
Was open to any and all people(no matter race, gender,etc)
Also sought for Freedom of Speech to speak out against the Government(Which was restricted)

Question 9

Bread and Roses Strike

Answer 9

A strike that occured in Lawrence MA, that protested the decrease of the weekly pay in wooden mills.
Women and children of the union were brutally beaten by police forces, which resulted in the success of the strike and an increase of income and double pay for overtime workers

Question 10

Birth-Control Movement

Answer 10

Early feminist movement that saw access to birth-control as essential to women’s freedom and encouraged the spread of sex education.
Led by Margaret Sanger(was a major believer in Eugenics though):)

Question 11

Emma Goldman

Answer 11

A radical feminist that argued for the protection of both men and women, for birth-control rights, and acceptability/openness to homosexuality. Usually spoke in public crowds full of men. (I love her)

Question 12

Initiative

Answer 12

Direct legislation that enabled citizens to propose and vote directly on laws.

Question 13

Referendum

Answer 13

A progressive era reform that allowed public policies to be submitted to popular vote.

Question 14

Recall

Answer 14

A progressive era reform that allowed the removal of public officials in government positions by popular votes of the people.

Question 15

Settlement Houses

Answer 15

An American housing system created by Jane Addams that brought shelter to immigrants/single mothers and helped them adjust to America.

Question 16

Women’s Suffrage Movement

Answer 16

A mass reform movement ruled by women fighting for the rights to vote, access to better education, and better working opportunities.
Some important figureheads of the movement include Alice Paul.

Question 17

Muller V. Oregon

Answer 17

1908 Supreme Court decision that upheld an Oregon law limiting women’s workday to ten hours, based on the need to protect women’s health for motherhood.

Question 18

Conservative Movement

Answer 18

Movement put into place by Theodore Roosevelt and John Muir(founder of the Sierra club, which preserved forests), to preserve parts of the natural environment from economic exploitation.
Millions of races of wildlife was secured

Question 19

Progressive Party

Answer 19

A political party created by former president, Theodore Roosevelt, that supported progressive reforms and split the Republican party in two.

Question 20

Election of 1912

Answer 20

Campaign between William Howard Taft, Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, and Eugene V. Debs.
Woodrow(Democratic party) was elected as president.

Question 21

Lusitania

Answer 21

A British liner trade ship that carried weapons and 124 American Passengers during WW1.
German Submarines(in war against the British navy), blew the ship up and every passenger died.
Led to public resentment from America.

Question 22

Zimmerman Telegram

Answer 22

A message made public by British intercepts where the German Foreign Secretary called on Mexico to join forces with Germany against America, promising to recover lost territory in return.
Final push for Woodrow Wilson to declare war on Germany and finally get involved with WWI in 1917.

Question 23

Fourteen Points

Answer 23

Plan conducted by Woodrow Wilson that encouraged peace after WWI. Called for no more secret treaties, free seas for all, smaller militaries of each country, and self-determination/the ability to create one’s own government. Failed to incorporate all the points though after the Treaty of Versailles

Question 24

Selective Service Act

Answer 24

A law adopted during WWI that required millions of men to register for the war draft. Many people protested against it(especially women)

Question 25

National Women’s Party

Answer 25

A reform union formed by Alice Paul that continued to protest for Women’s suffrage during the period of WWI(most other women’s suffrage movements were paused when the war started).
Striked a patriotic service that lead to her and her followers getting arrested and starting a hunger strike, which led to them being force fed, leading to public outrage

Question 26

Prohibition/18th Amendment

Answer 26

A Progressive victory which prohibited the manufacturing and sale of alcohol. (Was later repealed)

Question 27

19th Amendment

Answer 27

Barred states from using sex as a qualification for suffrage. Women could VOTE!

Question 28

Espionage/ Sedition Acts

Answer 28

Acts that prohibited the spying/interference with the war draft and criticism against the federal government.
Violated the First Amendment/took away freedom of speech.

Question 29

W.E.B Du Bois

Answer 29

An african-american civil rights pioneer that was the first to have a PHD from Harvard.
Encouraged equality for all race and political freedom and education to blacks.
Founder the NAACP

Question 30

NAACP

Answer 30

The largest civil rights organization ever. Brought lawsuits against discriminatory practices.

Question 31

Eugenics

Answer 31

American ideology and effort to make the ideas of white supremacy/racism into science(racism was ‘justified’).
Scientists sought to better America by controlling the reproduction of other races in order to rid the world of low intelligence. (any race other than whites were feeble-minded)

Question 32

Birth of a Nation(film)

Answer 32

A movie made by D.W. Griffith that glorified the Ku Klux Klan as defenders/the good guys of white civilization during the reconstruction era.
Woodrow Wilson allowed and premiered this film because he loved it. He was an extreme racist.

Question 33

Great Migration

Answer 33

Large-scale migration of southern blacks during and after WWI into the north, searching for better economic opportunities and to run away from the South’s Jim Crow Laws

Question 34

Tulsa Riot

Answer 34

A race riot/massacre that occurred in Oklahoma. over 300 blacks were killed and 10,00 lost their homes to fire set by white mobs.

Question 35

Red Scare 1919-20

Answer 35

Fear among many Americans after WWI, of communists in particular.

Question 36

Palmer Raids

Answer 36

Raids that resulted from the Red Scare, that dispatched federal agents to raid offices or radical labor and union organizations throughout the country, hundreds were arrested.

Question 37

League of Nations

Answer 37

Organization of nations to meditate disputes and to avoid any other wars. Consisted of 32 members, excluding Germany and Russia and American Republicans. Failed to stop more wars to occur.

Question 38

Sacco-Vanzetti Trial

Answer 38

A case held during the 1920a in which two Italian-Americans were found guilty for murdering someone and executed through the electric chair.
Illuminated growing signs of nativism, in America

Question 39

Second Klan

Answer 39

The reemergence of the Ku Klux klan in the 1920s.
Targeted anyone who wasn’t a white protestant man.
Sank control in the South, North, and West.
Lynched, mobbed, killed Jews, immigrants, catholics, blacks, labor union leaders.

Question 40

Immigration Act of 1924

Answer 40

Aimed to ensure that descendant of the old immigrants forever outnumbered the children of the new. Sought to restrict the immigration of southern/eastern Europeans(for they believed them to be more feeble-minded)