Period 4 Test Flashcards
Adams presidency
Disliked and drowned in crises
made the aliens and sedition acts
had a huge influence on the judicial branch
starts a Quasi war with France in 1798
bad :(
Alien and Sedition Acts
Four measures passed in 1798 that limited freedoms of speech and press and restricted liberty of non-citizens
-non-citizens had no right to vote
-treason if anyone spoke negatively about the government
-era was called the reign of witches(lasted for 14 years)
Virginia Resolution 1798
written by James Madison
- encouraged that the sedition acts were unconstitutional
-Federal government has the requirement to protect freedom of speech
Kentucky Resolution 1798
written by Thomas Jefferson
- Encouraged that the sedition acts were unconstitutional
-states are required to protect freedom of speech(yet they can also limit it)
Jefferson Presidency
-wants to unregulate trade(Federal gov should not be involved)
-Eliminates federal taxes
-Gets rid of the Sedition acts
aimed for freedom of press and religion
-friends to all, but allied with no one
Haitian Revolution
A revolution that occured on the Saint Domingue
-lead by Toussaint L’Ouverture
-Slave uprising in a sugar plantation
-Napoleon gets involved(but loses)
-Revolution wins and free blacks drafted a new constitution(no more slavery)
-Becomes an independent state(Haiti)
Gabriel’s Rebellion
occured in Richmond, Virginia
- led by Gabriel(intelligent slave)
-Rebellion conducted by slaves
-Rebellion was defeated(Gabriel was betrayed)
-resulted in stricter laws of punishment and free blacks were driven from the southern states.
Marbury vs. Madison
First supreme court decision
-Court had assumed the right to determine whether an act of congress violates the constitution
Louisiana Purchase
Napoleon handed Louisiana to America after the Haitian Revolution
- Doubled American territory
-Opened the possibility of slave states
War of 1812
-Madison was president
-Wanted to stop the British from impressing American ships
-Struggled financially
-Britain burned down the White House
-Star spangled banner was created during that time.
-war ended in a draw
Andrew Jackson
President during the 1830s
-dramatically expands the power of the president
-General during the Battle of New Orleans
-Heavily hated the Federal Government
-Extremely racist to Natives and Blacks
Market Revolution
-reshaped the idea of freedom; identifying it more closely to Economic opportunity
-encouraged western expansion
-slavery grew
-Communication and transportation improved greatly(Canals, railroads, telegraphs, and more)
Westward Expansion
6 new states became a part of the union after more people moved west.
-Became home to regional cultures
-created the Cotton Kingdom
Cotton Kingdom
Due to Eli Whitney’s invention: the cotton gin, cotton grew in price
-Cotton production and slavery grew greatly
-many slaves were divided throughout the southern states
Factory System
Takes production and places it in a centralized location
-people were divided into groups that did one singular job
-was much more cheaper
-most children worked in the factories
-Capitalism was introduced
Irish Immigration and German Immigration
The first immigrants of America
-Fled to America because of Great Famine in Europe
-Most settled in North America to find work
-irish:built railroads, dug canals, and worked as common laborers
-German:Craftsmen, shopkeepers and farmers
Nativism
Immigrants encountered intense hostility in America
-Americans questioned if they should allow them into the state due to the Irish’s influence on religion
-grew openly against them
Individualism
-Market Revolution made Americans to become more focused on themselves
-Americans were proud to be workers(held themselves in high regard
-helped inspired Democracy
-‘self made man”
“Self-made man”
the idea that whoever achieved success in America did not as a result of hereditary privilege or government favoritism, but through intelligence and hard work
-Produced a middle class
-produced new opportunities for law, medicine, teaching, and farmers
Free Blacks and Lack of Opportunity
-Excluded from new economic opportunity
-suffered discrimination
-abused by whites
-banned from schools
-could not vote
-downward mobility
Democracy in America
By 1840, democratic political institution came to define American identity
-Personal independence relied on the ownership of one-self
-eliminated property requirement to vote in 1850
Alexis De Tocqueville
A french writer who visited the unties states
-wrote “democracy in America”
-divided america into democrats and whigs
Commonwealth v. Hunt
Landmark 1842 ruling of the Massachusetts supreme court establishing the legality of labor unions
-Benefited big corporations(had power over the union)
Disenfranchisement/Blacks
1821: New York raised requirements to vote on blacks
1835:North Carolina disenfranchised blacks
1860s:Only six states allowed blacks to vote
The American System
System that stated that the federal government had the means to improve american economy
-‘infant industries
-Tariffs
-Second Bank of the US
Tariff of 1816
offered protection to goods that could be produced in the U.S(cotton)
-southerns supported it
Second Bank of the United States
Became the focus of public resentment(Jackson included)
issued paper money instead of using gold or silver
Era of Good Feelings
1816: James Monroe became president
-one political party(political division faded)
-bad feelings around on the idea of slavery(further dividing the north and the south)
-Federalists become National Republicans(whigs)
-property requirements to vote lessened in its restrictions
Missouri Compromise
Compromise composed by Jesse Thomas and the court in 1820
-Slavery would become prohibited in all it’s remaining territory of the louisiana purchase/free blacks could not enter the states
-raised the issue of westward expansion of slavery:Political parties separated once more
The Monroe Doctrine
Drafted by John Quincy Adams in 1823.
-expressed that the U.S would oppose further efforts at colonization of European powers
-warned europeans to not interfere with the newly independent Latin America(America wanted to do that)
-Would abstain from involvement in the wars of Europe
Election of 1824
John Quincy Adams won election(even though Jackson won more votes)
-very corrupt
-viewed federal power a good thing
-set up legislations that promoted agriculture, manufacturing, commerce, and art
-laid the groundwork of a new system of political parties
-alliance between clay and Adams
Democratic Party
established by Martin Van Buren
-represented the ‘producing class’
-did not support federal gov
-pro-slavery/protection
-southern supports/lower income working class people in north
-wants a limited government
-freedom=privacy
Whigs
-supports the American system
-federal government has a role to play in economy
-strong federal government
-most support came from north/wealthy southerners
-has religious support
- freedom=public ‘virtue’
Age of Jackson
vision of democracy excluded blacks and natives
-suspicious of banks and paper money
-state shoulds be the vocal of governmental activity
-opposed federal efforts to shape economy or interference with individual lives.
-Spoils system(gave governmental jobs to friends)
Indian Removal Act
1830- early law of Jackson that provided funds for uprooting the five civilized tribes left in American territory
-goal was to wipe out all Natives
-wanted to open up the native lands in order to make for more plantation-based lands
-Military forcibly removed natives from their home
Trail of Tears
-A trail natives were forced to walk once they were removed from their homes
-1/3 of the population died from harsh weather conditions and mistreatment
Hartford Convention
-Southern states were getting more representation while Northerns states didn’t
-Northern states wanted a change in the constitution
transcendentalists
A group of philosophers that encouraged that the identification of American freedom with the absence of laws that limited personal development and economical advancement
Ralph Waldo Emerson
A philosopher who wrote “the value of a Private man”
-encouraged no limitations on personal/economical advancements
-freedom was an open minded process of self-realization
Henry David Thoreau
A philosopher who persuaded that society stilted individual judgement
The Second Great Awakening
Religious revival movement of the early decades of the 19th century, in reaction to the growth of secularism and rationalist religion
-Christianity ruled
-people have the ability to change their destiny
-encouraged good morals
-some slaves benefited from this, for they were freed
Cult of Domesticity
ideology of virtue and modesty as the qualities that were essential to proper womanhood
-embraced a new definition of femininity
-provided to sustain(locked in)homes
-celebration of motherhood
working women
Had several disadvantages
-had a sense of identity and independence
-could not compete freely for employment
Spoils system
the filling of government jobs with people loyal to the party of the president
-created by Jackson
-partial reason politics divided.
Nullification crisis
The attempt South Carolina made to nullify the 1832 federal tariff law.
-States vs the Federal gov
pet banks
a nickname given to state run banks that were given more power because they were loyal to President Andrew Jackson
