Period 7: 1898 - 1945

Question 1

imperialism

Answer 1

the expansion of one country’s political, economic, and military influence over another country

Question 2

arguments for imperialism

Answer 2

Wanted to search for valuable raw materials in other countries
New markets for American made goods
Social Darwinism used to justify expansion
Racial motivations: duty to expand glory of white civilization to other countries
Want islands in caribbean and pacific in order to establish naval dominance

Question 3

arguments against imperialism

Answer 3

Self-determination
America had a long history of isolation from foreign affairs
Racial arguments: does the constitution follow the flag (will the people in The Philippines become citizens with full rights?)

Question 4

self-determination

Answer 4

a nation should be able to decide for itself who ruled it and what laws were passed

Question 5

Jingoism

Answer 5

an intense form of nationalism calling for an aggressive foreign policy

Question 6

effects of the spanish-american war

Answer 6

Cuba gained independence, but at a cost
Annexation of The Philippines from Spain
Annexation of Hawaii
Open Door Policy

Question 7

Platt Amendment

Answer 7

allowed the US to intervene militarily in Cuba if American economic interests were threatened

Question 8

Open Door Policy

Answer 8

China was carved up into European sphere of influence and dominated economically, gave US equal access to trade in China

Question 9

how did progressive want to fix societal problems

Answer 9

through significant govt intervention

Question 10

Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle

Answer 10

exposed working conditions and unsanitary practices in Chicago meatpacking facilities

Question 11

Ida Tarbell

Answer 11

published an expose on Rockefeller’s oil company

Question 12

Jacob Riis

Answer 12

exposed the unsanitary and disease ridden living conditions of the poor and working class in NY tenements

Question 13

Secret Ballot

Answer 13

voting could be done in secret to take away power from political machines

Question 14

Direct Election of Senators

Answer 14

senators were in the pockets of big business so this would help counteract this

Question 15

17th Amendment

Answer 15

transferred the responsibility of electing senators from the state legislatures into the hands of the people

Question 16

18th Amendment

Answer 16

established American Prohibition

Question 17

19th Amendment

Answer 17

1920 amendment that recognized women’s right to vote

Question 18

Initiative, Referendum, Recall

Answer 18

Initiative: voters could require legislators to consider a bill that they chose to ignore
Referendum: voters themselves could vote on the adoption of proposed laws
Recall: a way to remove corrupt politicians before their term was complete

Question 19

NAACP

Answer 19

wanted to abolish segregation and expand educational opportunities for black children

Question 20

Square Deal

Answer 20

Roosevelt intervened in the strike and helped negotiate a compromise between the two parties, setting precedent for him not siding with companies or workers

Question 21

acts used to protect consumers

Answer 21

Pure Food and Drug Act, Meat Inspection Act

Question 22

Triple Entente/Allied Powers

Answer 22

Britain, Russia, France

Question 23

Triple Alliance/Central Powers

Answer 23

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy

Question 24

Sinking of Lusitania

Answer 24

a British passenger ship that carried 128 Americans and was sunk by Germany due to it entering waters around the British Isles

Question 25

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

Answer 25

Germany continued to attack US ships that entered the war zone (were trade ships) despite having been warned

Question 26

Zimmerman Telegram

Answer 26

Germany attempted to convince Mexico to go to war with the US
Germany’s attempt at distracting the US
Led Woodrow Wilson to ask Congress to declare war & US joins WWI

Question 27

Fourteen Points

Answer 27

Woodrow Wilson’s argument to not use the treaty to take vengeance on Germany & instead use it to protect democracy

Called for freedom of the seas, self-determination of nations, & establishment of League of Nations

Question 28

League of Nations

Answer 28

worldwide representative body where countries could negotiate their problems instead of going to war

Question 29

Espionage Act of 1917 & Sedition Act of 1918

Answer 29

made it a crime to speak out against and oppose WWI

Question 30

Schenck v The United States

Answer 30

ruled that freedom of speech is not absolute; when speech constitutes a “clear and present danger” then it is constitutional for it to silenced

upheld Espionage and Sedition Acts

Question 31

Red Scare

Answer 31

growing anti-communist sentiment; people feared communist infiltration after the Russian Revolution

Question 32

Great Migration

Answer 32

large numbers of the southern black population migrated to urban industrial centers of the north

Question 33

Flappers

Answer 33

women who were a symbol of women’s liberation - broke societal norms (cut their hair, showed their ankles 🤯)

Question 34

Emergency Quota Act of 1921

Answer 34

limited immigration to 3% of the population measured by the 1910 census

Question 35

National Origins Act of 1924

Answer 35

restricted immigration even further after the Emergency Quota Act

Question 36

Harlem Renaissance

Answer 36

revival of the arts and intellectual pursuits of the recently migrated black population

Question 37

The Lost Generation

Answer 37

writers who wrote about the pervasive materialism that plagued American culture and the waste of life and resources expended WWI

Question 38

Scopes-Monkey Trial of 1925

Answer 38

trial caused by John Scopes, a teacher in Tennessee, who taught evolution theory despite it being illegal; shows the debate between Modernists & Fundamentalists, Modernism triumphed over Fundamentalism

Question 39

causes of the Great Depression

Answer 39

Agricultural overproduction
Hawley-Smoot Tariff: signed into law by Hoover that crippled the ability of the US to sell its excess products on a global market
People Buying on Margin and inflating the stock market

Question 40

Hoovervilles

Answer 40

shantytowns which people who had lost their homes due to Great Depression

Question 41

FDR’s New Deal

Answer 41

collection of legislation passed in order to shore up the American economy and address joblessness in America
relief, recovery, reform

Question 42

Public Works Administration (PWA)

Answer 42

employed Americans to do federal infrastructure work

Question 43

Glass-Steagall Act of 1933

Answer 43

increased regulation in banks and limited the ways they could invest people’s money

Question 44

impact of the New Deal

Answer 44

transformed the US into a limited welfare state and seriously expanded the aims of modern American liberalism

Question 45

Court Packing Scheme

Answer 45

bill that would allow FDR to appoint new Supreme Court Justices for every justice that was older than 70.5 years

Tried to use this to create a SCOTUS that would support the New Deal laws