Period 6: 1865 - 1898 Flashcards
National Grange Movement
brought isolated farmers together for socialization and education
Commerce Act of 1886
required railroad to be reasonable and just (interstate commerce commission enforced this)
Pacific Railroads Acts
federal govt granted large pieces of land to railroad companies to build Transcontinental Railroad
Homestead Act
granted potential migrants 160 acres of free land in the west on the condition that they would farm it and settle it
Sodbusters
first to start farming on the land in the west
Sioux Wars (1886)
resistance by Native populations against reservations
Indian Appropriation Act of 1871
officially ended federal recognition of the sovereignty of Native Nations and nullified all previous treaties with them
Dawes Act of 1887
abandoned reservation system and divided it into plots of land for Indians to farm and allowed Indians to become American citizens (had to assimilate into US culture)
Wounded Knee
last violent battle of Indian wars, army killed hundreds of Indian people
Compromise of 1877
ended Reconstruction in the South, removal of federal troops from the Southern states
Plessy v Ferguson (1896):
separate but equal, Plessy tried to ride in a white trolley car and was arrested
what allowed industrialization in America
Made possible by railroad: led to a national market, mass production and mass consumption
Better access to natural resources: coal and oil
John D Rockefeller
owner of Standard Oil, controlled nearly 90% of oil industry via horizontal integration
Horizontal Integration
one company buys out its competitors until there is no competition left
Andrew Carnegie
dominated the steel industry via vertical integration
Vertical Integration
when a company acquires all the complementary industries that support its business
Gospel of Wealth
argued that the wealthy had a duty from God to invest their wealth back into society
Carnegie’s philosophy
Social Darwinism
the strong eat the weak
strong survive and weak die
Conspicuous Consumption
rich people flaunt their wealth in excess
Great Railroad Strike of 1877
railroad companies cut wages so unionized railroad went on strike to protest
Knights of Labor (1881
national union open to all
Main goal = destruction of trusts and monopolies and abolition of child labor
American Federation of Labor
association of craft workers
Goals: higher wages, safer working conditions
Exoduster Movement
mass migration of southern black ppl into the west
Nativism
a policy of protecting the interests of native born folks over against the interests of immigrants
