Period 6: 1865 - 1898

Question 1

National Grange Movement

Answer 1

brought isolated farmers together for socialization and education

Question 2

Commerce Act of 1886

Answer 2

required railroad to be reasonable and just (interstate commerce commission enforced this)

Question 3

Pacific Railroads Acts

Answer 3

federal govt granted large pieces of land to railroad companies to build Transcontinental Railroad

Question 4

Homestead Act

Answer 4

granted potential migrants 160 acres of free land in the west on the condition that they would farm it and settle it

Question 5

Sodbusters

Answer 5

first to start farming on the land in the west

Question 6

Sioux Wars (1886)

Answer 6

resistance by Native populations against reservations

Question 7

Indian Appropriation Act of 1871

Answer 7

officially ended federal recognition of the sovereignty of Native Nations and nullified all previous treaties with them

Question 8

Dawes Act of 1887

Answer 8

abandoned reservation system and divided it into plots of land for Indians to farm and allowed Indians to become American citizens (had to assimilate into US culture)

Question 9

Wounded Knee

Answer 9

last violent battle of Indian wars, army killed hundreds of Indian people

Question 10

Compromise of 1877

Answer 10

ended Reconstruction in the South, removal of federal troops from the Southern states

Question 11

Plessy v Ferguson (1896):

Answer 11

separate but equal, Plessy tried to ride in a white trolley car and was arrested

Question 12

what allowed industrialization in America

Answer 12

Made possible by railroad: led to a national market, mass production and mass consumption

Better access to natural resources: coal and oil

Question 13

John D Rockefeller

Answer 13

owner of Standard Oil, controlled nearly 90% of oil industry via horizontal integration

Question 14

Horizontal Integration

Answer 14

one company buys out its competitors until there is no competition left

Question 15

Andrew Carnegie

Answer 15

dominated the steel industry via vertical integration

Question 16

Vertical Integration

Answer 16

when a company acquires all the complementary industries that support its business

Question 17

Gospel of Wealth

Answer 17

argued that the wealthy had a duty from God to invest their wealth back into society

Carnegie’s philosophy

Question 18

Social Darwinism

Answer 18

the strong eat the weak
strong survive and weak die

Question 19

Conspicuous Consumption

Answer 19

rich people flaunt their wealth in excess

Question 20

Great Railroad Strike of 1877

Answer 20

railroad companies cut wages so unionized railroad went on strike to protest

Question 21

Knights of Labor (1881

Answer 21

national union open to all

Main goal = destruction of trusts and monopolies and abolition of child labor

Question 22

American Federation of Labor

Answer 22

association of craft workers

Goals: higher wages, safer working conditions

Question 23

Exoduster Movement

Answer 23

mass migration of southern black ppl into the west

Question 24

Nativism

Answer 24

a policy of protecting the interests of native born folks over against the interests of immigrants

Question 25

Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

Answer 25

banned any further Chinese immigration to the United States

Question 26

what did Jane Addams do for immigrants

Answer 26

built the Hull House which helped immigrants better assimilate to American society

Question 27

Socialism

Answer 27

all the means of production in a society should be owned and regulated by the community and benefit everyone more or less equally

Question 28

Social Gospel

Answer 28

Christian principles ought to be applied not merely to one’s self, but to cure the ills of society as well

Question 29

Interstate Commerce Commision

Answer 29

said states can’t regulate railroad and this commission enforced it but it had no real power

Question 30

Open Door Policy (1899 - 1900)

Answer 30

advocated for equal trading rights in all the ports of China which were rapidly being consumed by European powers

Question 31

Pendleton Act of 1881

Answer 31

if you want federal job you need to take a test

Question 32

Populist Party

Answer 32

work for people and correct a gross concentration of economic power held by elite banks and trusts

wanted silver standard and 8 hour work day