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APUSH ME OFF A CLIFF > Period 7 (1890- 1945) > Flashcards

Period 7 (1890- 1945) Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

What did Progressivism get a boost from?

A

muckrakers- journalists who wrote exposes of corporate greed and misconduct, revealed widespread corruption (Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle)

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2
Q

Nineteenth Amendment

A

women got right to vote due to feminist movement

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3
Q

Sherman Antitrust Act

A

broke up monopolies

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4
Q

Safety acts passed under Roosevelt

A

Meat Inspection Act- created federal standards for meatpacking factories
Pure Food and Drug Act- required all processed food and drugs to include ingredient labels

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5
Q

On foreign policy, what is Taft best known for?

A

dollar diplomacy- the attempt to secure favorable relationships with Latin American and East Asian countries by providing monetary loans

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6
Q

What did Wilson refer to his ideas and policies as?

A

New Freedom- argued that the federal government had to assume greater control over business to protect man’s freedom- committed to restoring competition through greater government regulation of the economy and lowering the tariff

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7
Q

What did WIlson create?

A

Federal Trade Commission- to prevent anti-competitive business practices
Federal Reserve System- gave government greater control over the nation’s finances

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8
Q

Platt Amendment

A

committed Cuba to American control- could not make a treaty with another nation without US approval, and US had the right to intervene in Cuba’s affairs if domestic order dissolved

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9
Q

Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine

A

United States trooped stationed throughout Latin America, claiming that its domestic instability constituted a threat to American society.

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10
Q

What policy did Wilson declare when war broke out in Europe in 1914?

A

neutrality- treat all belligerents fairly and without favoritism

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11
Q

England’s strategic location and superior navy allowed it to do what?

A

impose a blockade on shipments headed for Germany, particularly those coming from the United States

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12
Q

How did Germany attempt to counter the blockade?

A

submarines- sunk Lusitania

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13
Q

Zimmerman telegram

A

British intercepted this telegram from German Foreign Minister Zimmermann to Mexico- stated that if Mexico were to declare war on the US, Germany would provide them help

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14
Q

How did the government curtail individual civil liberties during the war?

A

passed the Espionage Act and Sedition Act- prohibited anyone from using the US mail system to interfere with the war effort or the draft
made it illegal to try to prevent the sale of war bonds or speak disparagingly of the government

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15
Q

What is an example of the Supreme Court upholding the Espionage Act?

A

Schenck v. United States- Schenck was a socialist, critic of American capitalism- printed and mailed leaflets urging men to resist the draft

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16
Q

Palmer Raids

A

agents raided residences, union halls, etc. in attempt to find communists

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17
Q

Great Migration

A

Southern blacks realized that wartime manufacturing was creating jobs in the North- moved to big cities

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18
Q

Fourteen Points

A

Wilson’s plan for world peace- called for free trade, reduction of arms supplies and promotion of self-determinism

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19
Q

Treaty of versailles

A

Germany was forced to cede territory to the Allies, disarm, pay reparations, and admit total fault for the war- helped set the stage for WWII

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20
Q

Why didn’t the US sign the Treaty of Versailles or join the League of Nations?

A

Democrats and Irreconcilables defeated the treaty

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21
Q

Social gospel movement

A

taught that religion and human dignity would help the poor overcome problems of industrialization

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22
Q

Upton Sinclair

A

The Jungle, meatpacking industry

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23
Q

Feminist movement

A

Margaret Sanger- contraceptives

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24
Q

19th Amendment

A

women’s suffrage

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25
Q

What was responsible for the economic boom in the early 1920s?

A

the invention of a practical electric motor- became essential to work and home environments, driving industrial machines and household appliances.

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26
Q

the government grew to be more what during the 1920s? What exemplifies this?

A

pro- business- labor unions fell out of public favor, union strikes were suppressed, and the Supreme Court overturned a minimum wage law for women and nullified child labor restrictions

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27
Q

Teapot Dome Scandal

A

oil companies bribed the secretary of the interior in order to drill on public lands

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28
Q

What did the pro-business atmosphere of the 1920s lead to?

A

a temporary decline in the popularity of labor unions

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29
Q

welfare capitalism

A

businessmen hoped that if they offered benefits to employees, they could dissuade workers from organizing and demanding even more

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30
Q

automobile

A

assembly line and mass production lowered the cost, by the end of the decade most families could afford a car

31
Q

What did the automobile allow for?

A

allowed those who worked in the cities to move farther away from city centers, giving birth to the suburbs, which transformed the automobile from a convenience to a necessity

32
Q

advertising industry

A

grew up during the decade to hype new products like electric appliances, automobiles, and radios

33
Q

What occurred as a result of consumerism?

A

more women entered the working world, as single- earner houses often couldn’t afford the consumerist lifestyle- continued to work in predominantly female- dominated professions

34
Q

Despite the persistence of traditional roles for women, what new image of American women emerged and became a symbol of the Roaring Twenties?

A

the flapper- discarded conservative values in favor of wearing dresses above the knee,risked ruining reputation by smoking cigarettes, drinking in public, and dancing

35
Q

How was the rapid modernization of American society reflected in the way it entertained itself?

A

movies grew popular, erflecting back an idealized self- image
sports grew more popular

36
Q

Harlem Renaissance

A

theaters, cultural clubs, and newspapers sprang up

37
Q

What was an example of backlash against modern culture?

A

KKK- attacked those whose behavior deviated from the Klan’s narrowly defined code of acceptable Christian behavior
anti- immigration groups- targeted growing number of southern and Eastern European immigrants

38
Q

Emergency Quota Act of 1924

A

set immigration quotas based on national origins and discriminated against immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe- set to reduce foreign influence, fear of Communism due to Russian revolution

39
Q

Thomas Scopes

A

broke Tennessee law forbidding teachers to teach evolution

40
Q

Prohibition

A

banned manufacture, sale, and transport of alcoholic beverages

41
Q

18th Amendment

A

outlawed the American liquor industry

42
Q

What factors contributed to the Great Depression?

A

stock market crash, WWI put Europe’s economy into depression, large inventories due to overproduction- supply exceeded demand

43
Q

Hoovervilles

A

homeless-built towns

44
Q

Dust Bowl

A

prolonged drought caused economic hardship among farmers.

45
Q

Hawley- Smoot Tariff

A

highest protective tariff in US history- Hoover hoped that raising tariffs would help American business, but it worsened the economy

46
Q

First New Deal

A

Roosevelt’s plan to solve the Great Depression

47
Q

Emergency Bank Relief Bill

A

put poorly managed banks under the control of the Treasury Department

48
Q

fireside chats

A

talks by Roosevelt broadcast over the radio- reassured the public that the banks were secure

49
Q

Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)

A

provided payments to farmers in return for their agreement to cut production

50
Q

Public Works Adminstration (PWA)

A

set aside money to create jobs building roads, sewers, public housing units, and other civic necessities

51
Q

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

A

employed young men on projects on federal lands and paid their families small monthly sums.

52
Q

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

A

provided energy to the Tennessee Valley region

53
Q

Securities and Exchange Commission

A

regulated the stock market

54
Q

Why did Conservatives criticize the New Deal?

A

opposed higher tax rates and increase in government power over business

55
Q

The Supreme Court struck down the AAA. How did Roosevelt respond?

A

he attempted to “pack the court” with justices that supported his policies- rejected by Congress

56
Q

Works Progress Administration (WPA)

A

spent billions of dollars to provide people with jobs

57
Q

Social Security Act

A

created a federal insurance program, provided retirement benefits

58
Q

What caused the recession in 1937?

A

Roosevelt cut back government programs in an effort to balance the budget, credit supply was tightened to slow inflation

59
Q

Fair Labor Standards Act

A

set a minimum wage and established the 40- hour workweek

60
Q

Following World War I, what were American foreign policy objectives aimed at?

A

promoting and maintaining peace

61
Q

Kellogg- Briand Pact

A

condemned war as a means of foreign policy

62
Q

Good Neighbor Policy

A

US tried to back away from previous interventionist policy in Latin America, but the US continued to promote its interests

63
Q

protectionism

A

throughout the Republican administrations of the 1920s, the US government kept tariffs high- protectionist policy

64
Q

Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act

A

allowed the president to reduce tariffs if he felt doing so would achieve foreign policy goals

65
Q

What were countries granted the most favored nation trade status eleigible for?

A

the lowest tariff rate set by the US

66
Q

Nye Commission

A

report revealed that American arms manufacturers had lobbied intensely for entry into World War I

67
Q

Lend- Lease Act

A

permitted the US to lend armaments to Europe, which no longer had money to buy them

68
Q

In the 1940s, it became increasingly difficult to describe US foreign policy as what?

A

isolationist

69
Q

How did the US respond to Japanese aggression?

A

cut off trade to Japan, which was dependent on foreign imports- Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor

70
Q

As it had during the Civil War, World War I, and the New Deal, the government did what

A

acquired more power than it previously had

71
Q

How did the government exert more power during World War II?

A

rationed almost all consumer goods, sponsered scientific research directed at improving weaponry

72
Q

internment of Japanese Americans

A

government feared that the Japanese might serve as enemy agents within US borders- imprisoned Asian Americans

73
Q

Yalta Conference

A

Stalin was given free reign in Eastern Europe

74
Q

Iron Curtain

A

division of Eastern and Western Europe, between Communism and capitalism

APUSH ME OFF A CLIFF (11 decks)

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