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APUSH ME OFF A CLIFF > Period 7 (1890- 1945) > Flashcards

Period 7 (1890- 1945) Flashcards

1
Q

What did Progressivism get a boost from?

A

muckrakers- journalists who wrote exposes of corporate greed and misconduct, revealed widespread corruption (Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle)

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2
Q

Nineteenth Amendment

A

women got right to vote due to feminist movement

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3
Q

Sherman Antitrust Act

A

broke up monopolies

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4
Q

Safety acts passed under Roosevelt

A

Meat Inspection Act- created federal standards for meatpacking factories
Pure Food and Drug Act- required all processed food and drugs to include ingredient labels

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5
Q

On foreign policy, what is Taft best known for?

A

dollar diplomacy- the attempt to secure favorable relationships with Latin American and East Asian countries by providing monetary loans

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6
Q

What did Wilson refer to his ideas and policies as?

A

New Freedom- argued that the federal government had to assume greater control over business to protect man’s freedom- committed to restoring competition through greater government regulation of the economy and lowering the tariff

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7
Q

What did WIlson create?

A

Federal Trade Commission- to prevent anti-competitive business practices
Federal Reserve System- gave government greater control over the nation’s finances

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8
Q

Platt Amendment

A

committed Cuba to American control- could not make a treaty with another nation without US approval, and US had the right to intervene in Cuba’s affairs if domestic order dissolved

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9
Q

Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine

A

United States trooped stationed throughout Latin America, claiming that its domestic instability constituted a threat to American society.

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10
Q

What policy did Wilson declare when war broke out in Europe in 1914?

A

neutrality- treat all belligerents fairly and without favoritism

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11
Q

England’s strategic location and superior navy allowed it to do what?

A

impose a blockade on shipments headed for Germany, particularly those coming from the United States

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12
Q

How did Germany attempt to counter the blockade?

A

submarines- sunk Lusitania

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13
Q

Zimmerman telegram

A

British intercepted this telegram from German Foreign Minister Zimmermann to Mexico- stated that if Mexico were to declare war on the US, Germany would provide them help

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14
Q

How did the government curtail individual civil liberties during the war?

A

passed the Espionage Act and Sedition Act- prohibited anyone from using the US mail system to interfere with the war effort or the draft
made it illegal to try to prevent the sale of war bonds or speak disparagingly of the government

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15
Q

What is an example of the Supreme Court upholding the Espionage Act?

A

Schenck v. United States- Schenck was a socialist, critic of American capitalism- printed and mailed leaflets urging men to resist the draft

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16
Q

Palmer Raids

A

agents raided residences, union halls, etc. in attempt to find communists

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17
Q

Great Migration

A

Southern blacks realized that wartime manufacturing was creating jobs in the North- moved to big cities

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18
Q

Fourteen Points

A

Wilson’s plan for world peace- called for free trade, reduction of arms supplies and promotion of self-determinism

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19
Q

Treaty of versailles

A

Germany was forced to cede territory to the Allies, disarm, pay reparations, and admit total fault for the war- helped set the stage for WWII

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20
Q

Why didn’t the US sign the Treaty of Versailles or join the League of Nations?

A

Democrats and Irreconcilables defeated the treaty

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21
Q

Social gospel movement

A

taught that religion and human dignity would help the poor overcome problems of industrialization

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22
Q

Upton Sinclair

A

The Jungle, meatpacking industry

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23
Q

Feminist movement

A

Margaret Sanger- contraceptives

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24
Q

19th Amendment

A

women’s suffrage

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25
What was responsible for the economic boom in the early 1920s?
the invention of a practical electric motor- became essential to work and home environments, driving industrial machines and household appliances.
26
the government grew to be more what during the 1920s? What exemplifies this?
pro- business- labor unions fell out of public favor, union strikes were suppressed, and the Supreme Court overturned a minimum wage law for women and nullified child labor restrictions
27
Teapot Dome Scandal
oil companies bribed the secretary of the interior in order to drill on public lands
28
What did the pro-business atmosphere of the 1920s lead to?
a temporary decline in the popularity of labor unions
29
welfare capitalism
businessmen hoped that if they offered benefits to employees, they could dissuade workers from organizing and demanding even more
30
automobile
assembly line and mass production lowered the cost, by the end of the decade most families could afford a car
31
What did the automobile allow for?
allowed those who worked in the cities to move farther away from city centers, giving birth to the suburbs, which transformed the automobile from a convenience to a necessity
32
advertising industry
grew up during the decade to hype new products like electric appliances, automobiles, and radios
33
What occurred as a result of consumerism?
more women entered the working world, as single- earner houses often couldn't afford the consumerist lifestyle- continued to work in predominantly female- dominated professions
34
Despite the persistence of traditional roles for women, what new image of American women emerged and became a symbol of the Roaring Twenties?
the flapper- discarded conservative values in favor of wearing dresses above the knee,risked ruining reputation by smoking cigarettes, drinking in public, and dancing
35
How was the rapid modernization of American society reflected in the way it entertained itself?
movies grew popular, erflecting back an idealized self- image sports grew more popular
36
Harlem Renaissance
theaters, cultural clubs, and newspapers sprang up
37
What was an example of backlash against modern culture?
KKK- attacked those whose behavior deviated from the Klan's narrowly defined code of acceptable Christian behavior anti- immigration groups- targeted growing number of southern and Eastern European immigrants
38
Emergency Quota Act of 1924
set immigration quotas based on national origins and discriminated against immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe- set to reduce foreign influence, fear of Communism due to Russian revolution
39
Thomas Scopes
broke Tennessee law forbidding teachers to teach evolution
40
Prohibition
banned manufacture, sale, and transport of alcoholic beverages
41
18th Amendment
outlawed the American liquor industry
42
What factors contributed to the Great Depression?
stock market crash, WWI put Europe's economy into depression, large inventories due to overproduction- supply exceeded demand
43
Hoovervilles
homeless-built towns
44
Dust Bowl
prolonged drought caused economic hardship among farmers.
45
Hawley- Smoot Tariff
highest protective tariff in US history- Hoover hoped that raising tariffs would help American business, but it worsened the economy
46
First New Deal
Roosevelt's plan to solve the Great Depression
47
Emergency Bank Relief Bill
put poorly managed banks under the control of the Treasury Department
48
fireside chats
talks by Roosevelt broadcast over the radio- reassured the public that the banks were secure
49
Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
provided payments to farmers in return for their agreement to cut production
50
Public Works Adminstration (PWA)
set aside money to create jobs building roads, sewers, public housing units, and other civic necessities
51
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
employed young men on projects on federal lands and paid their families small monthly sums.
52
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
provided energy to the Tennessee Valley region
53
Securities and Exchange Commission
regulated the stock market
54
Why did Conservatives criticize the New Deal?
opposed higher tax rates and increase in government power over business
55
The Supreme Court struck down the AAA. How did Roosevelt respond?
he attempted to "pack the court" with justices that supported his policies- rejected by Congress
56
Works Progress Administration (WPA)
spent billions of dollars to provide people with jobs
57
Social Security Act
created a federal insurance program, provided retirement benefits
58
What caused the recession in 1937?
Roosevelt cut back government programs in an effort to balance the budget, credit supply was tightened to slow inflation
59
Fair Labor Standards Act
set a minimum wage and established the 40- hour workweek
60
Following World War I, what were American foreign policy objectives aimed at?
promoting and maintaining peace
61
Kellogg- Briand Pact
condemned war as a means of foreign policy
62
Good Neighbor Policy
US tried to back away from previous interventionist policy in Latin America, but the US continued to promote its interests
63
protectionism
throughout the Republican administrations of the 1920s, the US government kept tariffs high- protectionist policy
64
Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act
allowed the president to reduce tariffs if he felt doing so would achieve foreign policy goals
65
What were countries granted the most favored nation trade status eleigible for?
the lowest tariff rate set by the US
66
Nye Commission
report revealed that American arms manufacturers had lobbied intensely for entry into World War I
67
Lend- Lease Act
permitted the US to lend armaments to Europe, which no longer had money to buy them
68
In the 1940s, it became increasingly difficult to describe US foreign policy as what?
isolationist
69
How did the US respond to Japanese aggression?
cut off trade to Japan, which was dependent on foreign imports- Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor
70
As it had during the Civil War, World War I, and the New Deal, the government did what
acquired more power than it previously had
71
How did the government exert more power during World War II?
rationed almost all consumer goods, sponsered scientific research directed at improving weaponry
72
internment of Japanese Americans
government feared that the Japanese might serve as enemy agents within US borders- imprisoned Asian Americans
73
Yalta Conference
Stalin was given free reign in Eastern Europe
74
Iron Curtain
division of Eastern and Western Europe, between Communism and capitalism

APUSH ME OFF A CLIFF (11 decks)

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