MIDTERM MORE LIKE MIDFAIL Flashcards
Anasazi
A Native American who lived in what is now southern Colorado and Utah and northern Arizona and New Mexico and who built cliff dwellings
Pueblos
A group of Native American tribes who lived in the Mountain and Basins of Texas, lived in adobe houses, and subsisted on agriculture
Lakota Sioux
American Indian tribe that started using horses in the 17th century. This allowed them to change from farming to nomadic buffalo hunting. Based in the Great Plains
Mound Builders
Native american civilizations of the eastern region of north america that created distinctive earthen works that served as elaborate burial places
Protestant Reformation
A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches.
Columbian Exchange
The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus’s voyages.
Encomienda System:
system in Spanish America that gave settlers the right to tax local Indians or to demand their labor in exchange for protecting them and teaching them skills.
Asiento System
System that took slaves to the New World to work for the Spanish. Required that a tax be paid to the Spanish ruler for each slave brought over.
Corporate colonies
Colonies operated by joint-stock companies during the early years of the colonies, such as Jamestown
Royal Colonies
Colonies controlled by the British king through governors appointed by him and through the king’s veto power over colonial laws.
proprietary colonies
colony run by individuals or groups to whom land was granted
Jamestown
The first permanent English settlement in North America, found in East Virginia. It was a corporate colony
Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay
Where pilgrims landed and settled
Mayflower Compact, House of Burgesses
1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony.
1619 - The Virginia House of Burgesses formed, the first legislative body in colonial America. Later other colonies would adopt houses of burgesses.
Indentured servants
Colonists who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years
headright system
Headrights were parcels of land consisting of about 50 acres which were given to colonists who brought indentured servants into America. They were used by the Virginia Company to attract more colonists.
Bacon’s Rebellion
1676 - Nathaniel Bacon and other western Virginia settlers were angry at Virginia Governor Berkley for trying to appease the Doeg Indians after the Doegs attacked the western settlements. The frontiersmen formed an army, with Bacon as its leader, which defeated the Indians and then marched on Jamestown and burned the city. The rebellion ended suddenly when Bacon died of an illness.
Anne Hutchinson
A Puritan woman who was well learned that disagreed with the Puritan Church in Massachusetts Bay Colony. Her actions resulted in her banishment from the colony, and later took part in the formation of Rhode Island. She displayed the importance of questioning authority.
Halfway convenant
A Puritan compromise that allowed the unconverted children of Puritans to become halfway members of the church. The Covenant allowed these halfway members to baptize their own children even though they themselves were not full members of the church, signified a drop in the religious zeal or mission that had characterized Massachusetts in its change in the religious character of New England Society.
King Phillip’s War
1675 - A series of battles in New Hampshire between the colonists and the Wompanowogs, led by a chief known as King Philip. The war was started when the Massachusetts government tried to assert court jurisdiction over the local Indians. The colonists won with the help of the Mohawks, and this victory opened up additional Indian lands for expansion.
Quakers, William Penn, holy experiment
English dissenters who broke from Church of England, preache a doctrine of pacificism, inner divinity, and social equity, under William Penn they founded Pennsylvania, supposed to serve everyone and provide freedom for all
Mercantilism
The belief that money equals power, sell more than buy, more export than import
Triangular trade, middle passage
A three way system of trade during 1600-1800s Africa sent slaves to America, America sent Raw Materials to Europe, and Europe sent Guns and Rum to Africa
A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies
colonial resources
New England- fish, rum, iron, fir, no agriculture
Middle Colonies- hemp, lumber, corn, mainly hunting
Southern Colonies- FARMING
Great Awakening
Religious revival in the American colonies of the eighteenth century during which a number of new Protestant churches were establishe
Two Treatises of Government
A book written by John Locke which stated details about natural rights and that people were born with and entitled to life, liberty, and property.
Alexander Hamilton
First Secretary of the Treasury. He advocated creation of a national bank, assumption of state debts by the federal government, and a tariff system to pay off the national debt.
Constitutional Convention
A meeting in Philadelphia in 1787 that produced a new constitution
slavery in the southern colonies
Grew due to the need for a cheap and steady supply of cheap labor was needed on plantations
French and Indian War
(1754-1763) War fought in the colonies between the English and the French for possession of the Ohio Valley area. The English won.
Pontiac’s Rebellion
1763 - An Indian uprising after the French and Indian War, led by an Ottowa chief named Pontiac. They opposed British expansion into the western Ohio Valley and began destroying British forts in the area. The attacks ended when Pontiac was killed.
Proclamation Act of 1763
forbade British colonists from settling west of the Appalacian Mountains, and which required any settlers already living west of the mountains to move back east.
Sugar Act of 1764, Stamp Act
raised tax revenue in the colonies for the crown and increased the duty on foreign sugar imported from the West Indies.
This act required colonists to pay for an official stamp, or seal, when they bought paper items.
Sons and Daughters of Liberty
A radical political organization for colonial independence which formed in 1765 after the passage of the Stamp Act. They incited riots and burned the customs houses where the stamped British paper was kept.
Townshend Acts
taxes that the British Parliament passed in 1767 that was placed on leads, glass, paint and tea
Boston Massacre, Boston Tea Party
British guards opened fire on a crowd killing five Americans
protest against British taxes in which Boston colonists dumped valuable tea into Boston Harbor. The colonists refused to pay for the damaged goods and thus had restrictions put upon their town such as no trade alongside having soldiers in their town.
Committees of Correspondence
a system of communication between patriot leaders in New England and throughout the colonies. They provided the organization necessary to unite the colonies in opposition to Parliament.
Intolerable Acts, Coercive Acts, Quebec Act
in response to Boston Tea Party, 4 acts passed in 1774, Port of Boston closed, reduced power of assemblies in colonies, permitted royal officers to be tried elsewhere, provided for quartering of troop’s in barns and empty houses, extended boundaries of Quebec
First Continental Congress
Delagates from all colonies except Georgia met to discuss problems with britain and to promote independence
Lexington and Concord, minutemen
April 8, 1775: Gage leads 700 soldiers to confiscate colonial weapons and arrest Adam, and Hancock; April 19, 1775: 70 armed militia face British at Lexington
Battle of Bunker Hill
First major battle of the Revolutions. It showed that the Americans could hold their own, but the British were also not easy to defeat. Ultimately, the Americans were forced to withdraw after running out of ammunition, and Bunker Hill was in British hands. However, the British suffered more deaths.
Second Continental Congress, Olive Branch Petition
Political authority that directed the struggle for independence beginning in 1775, offering of peace to British gov if accepted grievances, rejected
