Period 4 Flashcards
Which two men ran for the Federalist party nomination in 1800 and who won?
Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr, Jefferson won
What amendment remedied the issue of a president being stuck with a vice president he did not want?
Twelfth Amendment- allowed electors to vote for a party ticket
What were the midnight appointments by Adams?
he filled as many government positions with Federalists as he could before power was turned over to the Federalists
Jefferson’s refusal to accept Adam’s midnight appointments resulted in what?
lawsuits against the government, including Marbury v. Madison, in which William Marbury, one of Adams’s last-minute appointees sued Secretary of State James Madison for refusing to certify his appointment to the federal bench.
What was the outcome of Marbury v. Madison and what did it establish?
it established judicial review- court ruled that Marbury had a right to his judgeship but the court could not enforce this right due to the Judiciary Act of 1789, but Marshall thought this act gave too much power to the Judicial Branch at the expense of Congress and the Presidency, so he ruled that it was unconstitutional
Louisiana Purchase
Jefferson sent James Monroe to buy the whole Louisiana territory for $15 million without congressional approval
What did the British begin doing to American ships?
impressing sailors- forcing them into British navy
What did Jefferson do in response to British impressment?
passed the Embargo Act of 1807- shut down America’s import an export business
What did the Non- Intercourse Act of 1809 do?
reopened trade with most nations, but still officially banned trade with Britain and France.
How did Congress respond to America’s trade problems?
Macon’s Bill No. 2- reopened trade with both France and ENgland- but if either country renounced interference with American trade, he would cut off trade with the other one. Napoleon did so. British got mad. Helped build pro- war sentiments in the US.
Why did the War Hawks want war?
saw it as an opportunity to grab new territories to the west and southwest
WHo allied themselves with the British in the War of 1821?
Native Americans-
What was the Hartford Convention?
meeting among Federalists to discuss grievances with War of 1812
What was a positive result of the War of 1812?
spurred American manufacturing- states became more self- sufficient since they were cut off from trade with Europe
New England became America’s manufacturing center during the war, and the United States was less dependent on imports than previously
What programs did Madison implement after the War of 1812 and what were they known as?
improved interstate roads, including expansion of the National Road, rechartered National Bank, known as American System
The demise of the Federalists after the War of 1812 led to a period of unity referred to as what?
Era of Good Feelings. although there was growing tension created by economic development and increased sectionalism
During the Era of Good Feelings, Chief Justice John Marshall’s rulings continued to strengthen the federal government. What is one of these rulings?
McCulloch v. Maryland- ruled that states could not tax the National Bank, establishing precedence of national law over state law
What ended the Era of Good Feelings?
Panic of 1819- financial scare following a period of economic growth, inflation, and land speculation, which destabilized the economy.
When the National Bank called in its loans, many borrowers couldn’t repay them- resulting in numerous mortgage foreclosures and business failures, many people were thrown into poverty
What territories did the United States acquire in 1819 from the Adams- Onis Treaty?
Florida from Spain
What was the Monroe Doctrine?
a policy of mutual noninterference between US and Europe to get them to stay out of Americas, claimed America’s right to intervene anywhere in its own hemisphere if it felt its security was threatened
The new period of expansion due to the Monroe Doctrine resulted in what?
national debate over slavery
What caused the Missouri Compromise?
11 states allowed slavery and 11 didn’t- Missouri was the first state to be carved out of the Louisiana Purchase, and its application for statehood threatened the balance
What was the Missouri Compromise?
brokered by Henry Clay-
- admitted Missouri as a slave state,
- created Maine and admitted it as a free state
- drew a line around the 3630 parallel across the Louisiana Territory
- established the southern border of Missouri as the northernmost point at which slavery would be allowed
Why was the election of 1824 a major turning point in presidential elections?
more people could vote directly for presidential electors, but there was less and less voter support for the candidates nominated by party leaders
What happened in the election of 1824?
none of the four candidates received the majority of the Electoral College- decided in House of Representatives, in which Clay supported Adams, who subsequently named Clay secretary of state- corrupt bargain
Jackson was the first president who wasn’t
born in Virginia or named Adams- viewed as an outsider, epitome of a self- made man
What was Jackson’s spoils system?
gave political positions to his supporters
What was Jacksonian democracy?
conceived of a nation governed by middle and upper-class educated property holders, in which the government was only as large as necessary to provide an acceptable level of services
What was Jackson’s Indian Removal Act?
authorizing Jackson to grant unsettled lands west of the Mississippi in exchange for Indian lands, created
How did the Indian Removal Act represent a natural continuation of policy toward American Indians?
originally, the British had established the concept that Native Americans were “foreign nations”, so the government could go to war and make treaties with them- established what British termed “Indian territory” ex. Proclamation of 1763
The Cherokee considered themselves an independent nation within Georgia. They brought their case to the Supreme Court in these cases, resulting in what?
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia and Worcester v. Georgia. ANdrew Jackson refused to comply with the Court’s decision
Between 1835 and 1838, thousands of Cherokees walked to Oklahoma in what is known as what?
Trail of Tears- thousands died of sickness and starvation
