Period 4 Flashcards
Which two men ran for the Federalist party nomination in 1800 and who won?
Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr, Jefferson won
What amendment remedied the issue of a president being stuck with a vice president he did not want?
Twelfth Amendment- allowed electors to vote for a party ticket
What were the midnight appointments by Adams?
he filled as many government positions with Federalists as he could before power was turned over to the Federalists
Jefferson’s refusal to accept Adam’s midnight appointments resulted in what?
lawsuits against the government, including Marbury v. Madison, in which William Marbury, one of Adams’s last-minute appointees sued Secretary of State James Madison for refusing to certify his appointment to the federal bench.
What was the outcome of Marbury v. Madison and what did it establish?
it established judicial review- court ruled that Marbury had a right to his judgeship but the court could not enforce this right due to the Judiciary Act of 1789, but Marshall thought this act gave too much power to the Judicial Branch at the expense of Congress and the Presidency, so he ruled that it was unconstitutional
Louisiana Purchase
Jefferson sent James Monroe to buy the whole Louisiana territory for $15 million without congressional approval
What did the British begin doing to American ships?
impressing sailors- forcing them into British navy
What did Jefferson do in response to British impressment?
passed the Embargo Act of 1807- shut down America’s import an export business
What did the Non- Intercourse Act of 1809 do?
reopened trade with most nations, but still officially banned trade with Britain and France.
How did Congress respond to America’s trade problems?
Macon’s Bill No. 2- reopened trade with both France and ENgland- but if either country renounced interference with American trade, he would cut off trade with the other one. Napoleon did so. British got mad. Helped build pro- war sentiments in the US.
Why did the War Hawks want war?
saw it as an opportunity to grab new territories to the west and southwest
WHo allied themselves with the British in the War of 1821?
Native Americans-
What was the Hartford Convention?
meeting among Federalists to discuss grievances with War of 1812
What was a positive result of the War of 1812?
spurred American manufacturing- states became more self- sufficient since they were cut off from trade with Europe
New England became America’s manufacturing center during the war, and the United States was less dependent on imports than previously
What programs did Madison implement after the War of 1812 and what were they known as?
improved interstate roads, including expansion of the National Road, rechartered National Bank, known as American System
The demise of the Federalists after the War of 1812 led to a period of unity referred to as what?
Era of Good Feelings. although there was growing tension created by economic development and increased sectionalism
During the Era of Good Feelings, Chief Justice John Marshall’s rulings continued to strengthen the federal government. What is one of these rulings?
McCulloch v. Maryland- ruled that states could not tax the National Bank, establishing precedence of national law over state law
What ended the Era of Good Feelings?
Panic of 1819- financial scare following a period of economic growth, inflation, and land speculation, which destabilized the economy.
When the National Bank called in its loans, many borrowers couldn’t repay them- resulting in numerous mortgage foreclosures and business failures, many people were thrown into poverty
What territories did the United States acquire in 1819 from the Adams- Onis Treaty?
Florida from Spain
What was the Monroe Doctrine?
a policy of mutual noninterference between US and Europe to get them to stay out of Americas, claimed America’s right to intervene anywhere in its own hemisphere if it felt its security was threatened
The new period of expansion due to the Monroe Doctrine resulted in what?
national debate over slavery
What caused the Missouri Compromise?
11 states allowed slavery and 11 didn’t- Missouri was the first state to be carved out of the Louisiana Purchase, and its application for statehood threatened the balance
What was the Missouri Compromise?
brokered by Henry Clay-
- admitted Missouri as a slave state,
- created Maine and admitted it as a free state
- drew a line around the 3630 parallel across the Louisiana Territory
- established the southern border of Missouri as the northernmost point at which slavery would be allowed
Why was the election of 1824 a major turning point in presidential elections?
more people could vote directly for presidential electors, but there was less and less voter support for the candidates nominated by party leaders
