Period 6 Progress Check Flashcards
“The Work Accomplished — Ceremonies at Promontory Summit.
“Special Dispatch to the New York Times.
“Promontory, Utah, Monday, May 10.
“The long-looked for moment has arrived. . . . The inhabitants of the Atlantic seaboard and dwellers of the Pacific slopes are henceforth emphatically one people. Your correspondent is writing on Promontory Summit amid the deafening shouts of the multitude, with the tick, tick, of the telegraph close to his ear. The proceedings of the day are: . . .
“Laying of the two rails, one opposite the other—one for the Union Pacific Railroad, and one for the Central Pacific Railroad. . . .
“Driving of the last spikes by the two Companies; [the] telegraph [is] to be attached to the spike of the Central Pacific Company, and the last blow to announce to the world by telegraph the completion of the Pacific Railroad.
“Telegram to the President of the United States.
“Telegram to the Associated Press. . . .”
The New York Times, news report, 1869
The development of the railroads as described in the excerpt had which of the following effects on westward expansion in the late 1800s?
Responses
A
Merchants mobilized politically to resist transportation expansion.
B
New commercial centers and communities emerged along rail lines.
C
Governments exerted increased control over transportation industries.
D
New immigrants mostly settled on western farms along rail lines.
B
New commercial centers and communities emerged along rail lines.
“The Work Accomplished — Ceremonies at Promontory Summit.
“Special Dispatch to the New York Times.
“Promontory, Utah, Monday, May 10.
“The long-looked for moment has arrived. . . . The inhabitants of the Atlantic seaboard and dwellers of the Pacific slopes are henceforth emphatically one people. Your correspondent is writing on Promontory Summit amid the deafening shouts of the multitude, with the tick, tick, of the telegraph close to his ear. The proceedings of the day are: . . .
“Laying of the two rails, one opposite the other—one for the Union Pacific Railroad, and one for the Central Pacific Railroad. . . .
“Driving of the last spikes by the two Companies; [the] telegraph [is] to be attached to the spike of the Central Pacific Company, and the last blow to announce to the world by telegraph the completion of the Pacific Railroad.
“Telegram to the President of the United States.
“Telegram to the Associated Press. . . .”
The New York Times, news report, 1869
The transportation development described in the excerpt had which of the following effects on agriculture in the United States?
Responses
A
Railroad workers replaced farmers as the largest group of workers in the United States.
B
Food prices rose as a result of increased demand for grain from coastal port cities.
C
Farmers developed cooperative organizations to limit the power of rail companies.
D
Rural immigrant populations outpaced those of cities as access to land became easier.
C
Farmers developed cooperative organizations to limit the power of rail companies.
“The Work Accomplished — Ceremonies at Promontory Summit.
“Special Dispatch to the New York Times.
“Promontory, Utah, Monday, May 10.
“The long-looked for moment has arrived. . . . The inhabitants of the Atlantic seaboard and dwellers of the Pacific slopes are henceforth emphatically one people. Your correspondent is writing on Promontory Summit amid the deafening shouts of the multitude, with the tick, tick, of the telegraph close to his ear. The proceedings of the day are: . . .
“Laying of the two rails, one opposite the other—one for the Union Pacific Railroad, and one for the Central Pacific Railroad. . . .
“Driving of the last spikes by the two Companies; [the] telegraph [is] to be attached to the spike of the Central Pacific Company, and the last blow to announce to the world by telegraph the completion of the Pacific Railroad.
“Telegram to the President of the United States.
“Telegram to the Associated Press. . . .”
The New York Times, news report, 1869
Which of the following developments best explains a cause of the historical process described in the excerpt?
Responses
A
Nativists rejected the use of immigrant workers for transportation infrastructure construction.
B
Plantation owners sought improved transportation to expand the sharecropping system.
C
Difficult working conditions prompted transportation workers to call for the creation of labor unions.
D
Government subsidies facilitated the construction of transportation and communication networks.
D
Government subsidies facilitated the construction of transportation and communication networks.
“Most Populists sought economic and political reform, not the overthrow of existing systems. . . . The ethos of modernity and progress swept across the cultural landscape of late nineteenth-century America, driven by the winds of commercial capitalism. The Populists mainly shared this ethos. . . . A firm belief in progress gave them confidence to act. Because they believed in the transforming power of science and technology, they sought to attain expertise and knowledge for their own improvement. Because they believed in economies of scale, they strove to adapt the model of large-scale enterprise to their own needs. . . . Because they believed in the logic of modernity, the Populist[s] . . . attempted to fashion an alternative modernity. . . .
“. . . The demands of [Populist] farmers for currency inflation . . . threatened the dogmas and profits of bankers and creditors. . . . The capitalist elite pursued a corporate power that left little room for the organized power of men and women of the fields, mines, or factories. Their corporate vision clashed with the Populist vision of an alternative capitalism.”
Charles Postel, historian, The Populist Vision, 2007
Which of the following pieces of evidence would challenge Postel’s claim in the first paragraph of the excerpt about the “ethos of modernity and progress” and the Populists?
Responses
A
Populists living in rural areas learned about urban and international life through the telegraph and newspapers.
B
Populist speakers often used references to language from the founding of the United States to make moral arguments for their policies.
C
Populists sought to develop commercial farming through the expansion of transportation networks.
D
Populists formed a national political organization out of numerous local farmer and labor groups.
B
Populist speakers often used references to language from the founding of the United States to make moral arguments for their policies.
“Most Populists sought economic and political reform, not the overthrow of existing systems. . . . The ethos of modernity and progress swept across the cultural landscape of late nineteenth-century America, driven by the winds of commercial capitalism. The Populists mainly shared this ethos. . . . A firm belief in progress gave them confidence to act. Because they believed in the transforming power of science and technology, they sought to attain expertise and knowledge for their own improvement. Because they believed in economies of scale, they strove to adapt the model of large-scale enterprise to their own needs. . . . Because they believed in the logic of modernity, the Populist[s] . . . attempted to fashion an alternative modernity. . . .
“. . . The demands of [Populist] farmers for currency inflation . . . threatened the dogmas and profits of bankers and creditors. . . . The capitalist elite pursued a corporate power that left little room for the organized power of men and women of the fields, mines, or factories. Their corporate vision clashed with the Populist vision of an alternative capitalism.”
Charles Postel, historian, The Populist Vision, 2007
Which of the following pieces of evidence would refute Postel’s claim in the last paragraph of the excerpt that the “corporate vision clashed with the Populist vision” for the United States economy in the late 1800s?
Responses
A
Populists supported limitations on the railroad rates charged to farmers.
B
Corporations recruited government support to oppose the formation of labor unions.
C
Populists sought new markets for United States agricultural goods overseas.
D
Corporations advocated that the federal government avoid regulation of the economy.
C
Populists sought new markets for United States agricultural goods overseas.
Which of the following contexts best explains the increase in violent conflicts in the western United States in the late 1800s?
Responses
A
The increase in migration by White settlers
B
The regulation of industrial production by the federal government
C
The recognition by federal courts of labor union bargaining rights
D
The ban on immigration from eastern Asia
A The increase in migration by White settlers
Farmers generally responded to industrialization in the late nineteenth century in which of the following ways?
Responses
A
They rejected the mechanization of agriculture in order to avoid farm workers becoming unemployed.
B
They demanded legislation to reduce immigration so as to minimize competition for farmland.
C
They backed political movements calling for limits on corporate power and government ownership of transportation.
D
They challenged federal policies that set aside western land to establish reservations for American Indians.
C
They backed political movements calling for limits on corporate power and government ownership of transportation.
Which of the following best explains a key reason for rapid economic development during the Gilded Age?
Responses
A
The adoption of beliefs of Social Darwinism helped justify inequalities of wealth.
B
The creation of the sharecropping system improved agricultural production.
C
The consolidation of large industries facilitated mass production.
D
The growth of Populist political platforms encouraged economic reform.
C
The consolidation of large industries facilitated mass production.
Which of the following explains a continuity in the effect of technological innovation on the production of goods in the late 1800s?
Responses
A
Improved manufacturing practices gradually reduced reliance on immigrant workers.
B
Improved quality of manufacturing steadily decreased demand for consumer goods.
C
New types of transportation increasingly shifted industrial centers from the North to the South.
D
New industrial machines increased the number of goods that factories could make.
D
New industrial machines increased the number of goods that factories could make.
Which of the following explains a connection between the ability of Americans to gain access to natural resources in the early 1800s and in the late 1800s?
Responses
A
In both periods, the expansion of power over western North America gave the United States control over more natural resources.
B
In both periods, the United States imported more natural resources after claiming overseas colonies through the Monroe Doctrine.
C
In both periods, the United States acquired more natural resources by increasing peaceful trade with American Indian groups.
D
In both periods, the forced migration of enslaved people provided labor for extracting natural resources in United States mining towns.
A
In both periods, the expansion of power over western North America gave the United States control over more natural resources.
The role of new technology in economic change in the late 1800s was most similar to the role of technology in which of the following earlier situations?
Responses
A
The fur trade developed in the 1600s, fostering new forms of interactions between peoples.
B
Trans-Atlantic commerce grew in the colonial era, taking advantage of navigational innovations.
C
Manufacturing spread in the early 1800s, allowing more efficient production.
D
Sharecropping emerged in the Reconstruction era, channeling farmers into new labor systems.
C
Manufacturing spread in the early 1800s, allowing more efficient production.
