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APUSH > Period 1 & Period 2.1 and 2.2 > Flashcards

Period 1 & Period 2.1 and 2.2 Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

Who created the largest empire in the Americas?

A

Incas

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2
Q

Where are the Incas located?

A

Peru

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3
Q

Developed in south + central Mexico.

A

The Mexican (Aztecs)

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4
Q

What religion held that the gods could be satisfied only by being Fed the beating hearts of humans

A

Mexica

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5
Q

Who traded from the gulf of Mexico to the Atlantic

A

Mississippians

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6
Q

A society that mysteriously declined in the 1300s.

A

Mississippians

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7
Q

What was the Mississippians economy?

A

Agriculture (maize as central crop)

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8
Q

What was the Mexica(Aztec’s) economy?

A

trade and agriculture(mostly maize)

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9
Q

What was the population of the Mexica(Aztecs)

A

5 million

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10
Q

What native society had Cahokia as its major trading hub.

A

Mississippians

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11
Q

what was the politics in the Mississippians

A

a chiefdom(institutionalized social stratification)

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12
Q

What is another name for the Mississippians

A

Mountain Builders - they built mounds,
Big mounds = more power

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13
Q

What native society is located inn the Northeastern Woodlands of the US

A

Iroquois

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14
Q

What was the Iroquois’ economy

A

agricultural, hunting, and fishing

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15
Q

What were social structures like in the Iroquois?

A
  • woman took charge of the household
  • men hunted
  • tribes were matrilineal
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16
Q

What was housing like in the Iroquois?

A

Multi-family Long houses

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17
Q

What was the Iroquois political/governing system?

A

The Five national Confederacy - it was a loose governing council of the surrounding tribes

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18
Q

What Native Society is located in the Southwest of the US

A

Pueblo

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19
Q

What was the Pueblo’s farming method?

A

Three Sister Farming(corn Squash and beans)

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20
Q

What was the Pueblo’s housing structure?

A

multi-story buildings made out of adobe mud and brick

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21
Q

Which Native Society has a nomadic lifestyle?

A

the Great Plains

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22
Q

What was the Great Plains economy?

A

Pastoral - hunting and gathering
- buffalo focused

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23
Q

What were the middle ages like for Europe?

A

weak, divided, and decentralized

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24
Q

How was the start of the 16th century like for Europe

A

started to have a sense of national identity and consolidating national power

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25
Q

What caused a large decrease in Europe’s population

A

The black Plague

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26
Q

What religion was popular in the beginning of the 16th century in Europe?

A

Catholic Church

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27
Q

What was the religious movement in Europe in 1517?

A

The Protestant Reformation

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28
Q

Why did Columbus set sail?

A

to find a faster route to East Asia

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29
Q

On October 12, 1492, when Columbus thought they were in the East Indies, they were actually in…

A

Watling Island, Bahamas

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30
Q

Who is America named after?

A

Amerigo Vespucci

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31
Q

What is the Treaty of Tordesillas

A

A treaty made by the pope, which divided the west into 2 parts. I to Spain and one to Portugal

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32
Q

what was the 1518 Kernan Cortez expedition

A

An expedition that led 600 conquistadores to Mexico(Aztec Empire?)
- said to only won because he gave the natives small pox

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33
Q

What is the 1513 Requerimiento

A

says that only Natives captured in a “just war” could be enslaved

34
Q

What are the 3 G’s (causes of exploration)

A

God, Glory, and Gold

35
Q

Causes of the Columbian Exchange(try to name 3)

A
  • maritime technologies
    caravel, compass, astrolabe
  • joint-stock companies
  • theory of mercantilism
36
Q

What is the highest rank in the casta system?

A

Peninsulares: Spainards born in Spain

37
Q

What is the 2nd highest casta system ranking?

A

Creole: Spainards born in the New World

38
Q

What is the Mestizo

A

American Indian and Spainard mix

39
Q

What is the Mulatto

A

European and African Mix

40
Q

What is the Zambo

A

African and American Indian Mix

41
Q

What replaced the Encomienda System? What did it state?

A

The repartimiento system - states that natives were legally free, but abuse still persisted

42
Q

What are the 2 types of Encomienda system

A
  1. Plantation based-agriculture
  2. Mining previous metals
43
Q

What were the interactions of between Europeans and Natives(not specific)

A

There were mutual misunderstandings and confict

44
Q

What did Europeans adopt from the Natives?

A

3 sister farming(corn, squash, and beans)

45
Q

What did the Natives adopt from the Europeans

A

knives, pots, and weapons

46
Q

Is it true that Natives were easily able to assimilate to Spanish culture?

A

No

47
Q

What did Bartolome de las Casas believe?

A

Native Americans shouldn’t be enslaved

48
Q

What did Juan de Sepulveda believe?

A

that slavery civilized native Americans

49
Q

Which Europeans had the first permanent settlement in the southwest United States?

A

The Spanish

50
Q

What was the Spanish Goal in the New world?

A

develop wealth for the Spanish crown

51
Q

What is the name of the first English colony?

A

Jamestown(1607) or (Lost Colony of Roanoke1597)

52
Q

What is the location of the first French colony in 1608?

A

Quebec

53
Q

Location of the Dutch’s first colony?

A

New York - 1609

54
Q

What is the Spanish’s first colony in 1610?

A

Santa Fe or (St. Augustine 1564)

55
Q

What did Franciscan friars attempt to do to the Pueblo

A

They tried to eradicate their religious traditions

56
Q

What happened in August 1680 to the Spanish?

A

The Pueblo Revolt - A man named Popé led a revolt against the Spanish to drive them out and restore independence.

57
Q

What was the French Goal in the Americas

A

to develop trade in the New World

58
Q

After 20 years how was the relationship between the French and the New World?

A
  • formed close ties
  • developed trade
  • had alliances through intermarrage
59
Q

Who founded Quebec as a trading post?

A

Samuel de Champlain

60
Q

What was the Dutch Goal?

A

developed trade in the New World

61
Q

How was the Dutch and the natives relationship?

A
  • formed close ties
  • developed trade
  • had alliances through intermarrage
    (basically same as the French)
62
Q

What was the English Goal?

A

Eliminate Spain’s Catholic influence and gain prestige

63
Q

What were the English colonists goals

A
  • Personal profit(James town)
  • Religious Freedom(Plymouth)
  • Social Mobility(Both)
64
Q

What did population growth lead to?

A

Competition over land –> led to a fierce evolving relationship

65
Q

What were the 3 different regions in the 13 colonies?

A
  • New England Region
  • Middle Region
  • Southern Region
66
Q

What states were in the NEC(4)?

A
  • Massachusetts
  • New Hampshire
  • Rhode Island
  • Connecticut
67
Q

What states were in the Middle Colonies(4)

A
  • New York
  • New Jersey
  • Pensylvania
  • Delaware
68
Q

What states were in the Southern Colonies(5)?

A
  • Maryland
  • Virginia
  • North Carolina
  • South Carolina
  • Georgia
69
Q

What was climate like in the NEC

A

cold winter, rocky soil, natural harbors

70
Q

What was the weather like in the MC

A

less severe winter, natural harbors

71
Q

What was the weather like in the SC

A

mild climate, fertile lowlands

72
Q

Describe the economy in the NEC

A

Diverse economy, small-scale farming, trade, shipping, exported fish/lumber

73
Q

What was the economy like in the Middle colonies?

A

Medium-scale farming, trade, “bread-basket” regions (grains were primary products)

74
Q

What was the economy like in the SC

A

highly agricultural, large plantations growing cash crops(tobacco, rice, indigo)

75
Q

What was the societal structure of the NEC

A

Relatively stratified society, mostly English Puritans

76
Q

What was the societal structure in the MC

A

Least stratified society, most diversity in religion and nationalities

77
Q

What was the societal structure in the SC

A

High stratified society, few cities relied heavily on slave labor and indentured servants.

78
Q

As you move North in the 13 colonies, did the population of blacks decrease on increase?

A

decrease

79
Q

What is salutary Neglect

A

as long as the colonist were providing goods to the British, they would turn a blind eye to anything they did.(weak enforcement of British trade laws)

80
Q

What did salutary neglect create in the 13 colonies?

A
  • the creation of self-government
  • town meetings in New England
  • Legislatures(House of Burgesses in the SC)

APUSH (6 decks)

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