Period 1 & Period 2.1 and 2.2 Flashcards
Who created the largest empire in the Americas?
Incas
Where are the Incas located?
Peru
Developed in south + central Mexico.
The Mexican (Aztecs)
What religion held that the gods could be satisfied only by being Fed the beating hearts of humans
Mexica
Who traded from the gulf of Mexico to the Atlantic
Mississippians
A society that mysteriously declined in the 1300s.
Mississippians
What was the Mississippians economy?
Agriculture (maize as central crop)
What was the Mexica(Aztec’s) economy?
trade and agriculture(mostly maize)
What was the population of the Mexica(Aztecs)
5 million
What native society had Cahokia as its major trading hub.
Mississippians
what was the politics in the Mississippians
a chiefdom(institutionalized social stratification)
What is another name for the Mississippians
Mountain Builders - they built mounds,
Big mounds = more power
What native society is located inn the Northeastern Woodlands of the US
Iroquois
What was the Iroquois’ economy
agricultural, hunting, and fishing
What were social structures like in the Iroquois?
- woman took charge of the household
- men hunted
- tribes were matrilineal
What was housing like in the Iroquois?
Multi-family Long houses
What was the Iroquois political/governing system?
The Five national Confederacy - it was a loose governing council of the surrounding tribes
What Native Society is located in the Southwest of the US
Pueblo
What was the Pueblo’s farming method?
Three Sister Farming(corn Squash and beans)
What was the Pueblo’s housing structure?
multi-story buildings made out of adobe mud and brick
Which Native Society has a nomadic lifestyle?
the Great Plains
What was the Great Plains economy?
Pastoral - hunting and gathering
- buffalo focused
What were the middle ages like for Europe?
weak, divided, and decentralized
How was the start of the 16th century like for Europe
started to have a sense of national identity and consolidating national power
What caused a large decrease in Europe’s population
The black Plague
What religion was popular in the beginning of the 16th century in Europe?
Catholic Church
What was the religious movement in Europe in 1517?
The Protestant Reformation
Why did Columbus set sail?
to find a faster route to East Asia
On October 12, 1492, when Columbus thought they were in the East Indies, they were actually in…
Watling Island, Bahamas
Who is America named after?
Amerigo Vespucci
What is the Treaty of Tordesillas
A treaty made by the pope, which divided the west into 2 parts. I to Spain and one to Portugal
what was the 1518 Kernan Cortez expedition
An expedition that led 600 conquistadores to Mexico(Aztec Empire?)
- said to only won because he gave the natives small pox
What is the 1513 Requerimiento
says that only Natives captured in a “just war” could be enslaved
What are the 3 G’s (causes of exploration)
God, Glory, and Gold
Causes of the Columbian Exchange(try to name 3)
- maritime technologies
caravel, compass, astrolabe - joint-stock companies
- theory of mercantilism
What is the highest rank in the casta system?
Peninsulares: Spainards born in Spain
What is the 2nd highest casta system ranking?
Creole: Spainards born in the New World
What is the Mestizo
American Indian and Spainard mix
What is the Mulatto
European and African Mix
What is the Zambo
African and American Indian Mix
What replaced the Encomienda System? What did it state?
The repartimiento system - states that natives were legally free, but abuse still persisted
What are the 2 types of Encomienda system
- Plantation based-agriculture
- Mining previous metals
What were the interactions of between Europeans and Natives(not specific)
There were mutual misunderstandings and confict
What did Europeans adopt from the Natives?
3 sister farming(corn, squash, and beans)
What did the Natives adopt from the Europeans
knives, pots, and weapons
Is it true that Natives were easily able to assimilate to Spanish culture?
No
What did Bartolome de las Casas believe?
Native Americans shouldn’t be enslaved
What did Juan de Sepulveda believe?
that slavery civilized native Americans
Which Europeans had the first permanent settlement in the southwest United States?
The Spanish
What was the Spanish Goal in the New world?
develop wealth for the Spanish crown
What is the name of the first English colony?
Jamestown(1607) or (Lost Colony of Roanoke1597)
What is the location of the first French colony in 1608?
Quebec
Location of the Dutch’s first colony?
New York - 1609
What is the Spanish’s first colony in 1610?
Santa Fe or (St. Augustine 1564)
What did Franciscan friars attempt to do to the Pueblo
They tried to eradicate their religious traditions
What happened in August 1680 to the Spanish?
The Pueblo Revolt - A man named Popé led a revolt against the Spanish to drive them out and restore independence.
What was the French Goal in the Americas
to develop trade in the New World
After 20 years how was the relationship between the French and the New World?
- formed close ties
- developed trade
- had alliances through intermarrage
Who founded Quebec as a trading post?
Samuel de Champlain
What was the Dutch Goal?
developed trade in the New World
How was the Dutch and the natives relationship?
- formed close ties
- developed trade
- had alliances through intermarrage
(basically same as the French)
What was the English Goal?
Eliminate Spain’s Catholic influence and gain prestige
What were the English colonists goals
- Personal profit(James town)
- Religious Freedom(Plymouth)
- Social Mobility(Both)
What did population growth lead to?
Competition over land –> led to a fierce evolving relationship
What were the 3 different regions in the 13 colonies?
- New England Region
- Middle Region
- Southern Region
What states were in the NEC(4)?
- Massachusetts
- New Hampshire
- Rhode Island
- Connecticut
What states were in the Middle Colonies(4)
- New York
- New Jersey
- Pensylvania
- Delaware
What states were in the Southern Colonies(5)?
- Maryland
- Virginia
- North Carolina
- South Carolina
- Georgia
What was climate like in the NEC
cold winter, rocky soil, natural harbors
What was the weather like in the MC
less severe winter, natural harbors
What was the weather like in the SC
mild climate, fertile lowlands
Describe the economy in the NEC
Diverse economy, small-scale farming, trade, shipping, exported fish/lumber
What was the economy like in the Middle colonies?
Medium-scale farming, trade, “bread-basket” regions (grains were primary products)
What was the economy like in the SC
highly agricultural, large plantations growing cash crops(tobacco, rice, indigo)
What was the societal structure of the NEC
Relatively stratified society, mostly English Puritans
What was the societal structure in the MC
Least stratified society, most diversity in religion and nationalities
What was the societal structure in the SC
High stratified society, few cities relied heavily on slave labor and indentured servants.
As you move North in the 13 colonies, did the population of blacks decrease on increase?
decrease
What is salutary Neglect
as long as the colonist were providing goods to the British, they would turn a blind eye to anything they did.(weak enforcement of British trade laws)
What did salutary neglect create in the 13 colonies?
- the creation of self-government
- town meetings in New England
- Legislatures(House of Burgesses in the SC)
