Period 2.3-2.6 Flashcards
What is Salutary Neglect?
as long as the colonists were providing goods to the British. They would turn a blind eye to anything they did.
What did salutary neglect lead to the creation of?
- unique self-government
- town meetings in New England
- legislatures in southern colonies(ex. Virginia House of Burgesses)
Who settled in the New England colonies?
Puritans who lived in small towns
What is the southern colonies economy?
plantation based/ large scale farming
What is mercantilism?
an economic theory that believes that a nation’s power was based on how much gold and silver was accumulated
What were New England colonies exports?
lumber and rum
What were the middle colonies exports?
wheat
What did the southern colonies exports?
tobacco, rice, and indigo
What gave rise to transatlantic trade?
the theory of mercantilism
What did Europe send to the Colonies and Africa?
manufactured goods
What did Africa trade to the Colonies?
enslaved Africans through the Middle Passage
What did the colonies send to Europe?
raw materials (rum, tobacco, rice)
What did the Navigation Acts state?
the colonies could not trade with anyone except for Great Britain
What became a problem because of the Navigation Acts?
Bribery and smuggling
What is a good thing about the Navigation Acts?
There was a guaranteed buyer for goods
The Beaver Wars are an example of what?
Native and European competition over goods.
The beavers were a “hot commodity” and the population declined because of over-harvesting —> leading to conflicts (specifically the Iroquois)
relations between Native Americans and Europeans centered around…(3 things)
trade and exchange, alliances, and warfare
What were the 2 earliest colonies?
Plymouth and Jamestown
How were Native Americans exposed to diseases
interactions with Europeans
What did Puritans attempt?
Praying towns –> tried to convert Native Americans to Christianity
What was Metacom’s War/ Philip’s War 1675
Colonists tried pushing westward onto Native lands –> a Native named Metacom fought back, but it ended with the beheading of Metacom(deadlist war in American history)
What did the English do after the King Philip’s War?
Increase expansion and forced assimilation on Natives
What are 2 examples of Native resistance?
the Pueblo Revolt and King Philip’s War
Slavery in the 1440s by the Portuguese
- the Portuguese forcibly transported Africans to the Americans for labor via the Middle Passage
- With about 15% of 12 million dying at sea
What colony was founded in 1607
Jamestown in Virginia
When and where did the first Africans arrive?
1619 in Jamestown
What led to the growth of the slave trade
- a shortage of indentured servants
- growing demand for European goods on colonists’ plantations
Where did slaves work in New England colonies?
few small scale farms
Where did slaves work in the Middle colonies?
port cities and on farms
Where did slaves work in the Southern colonists?
large plantations
What is the dominant labor system in the southern colonies?
chattel slavery
What did slave codes in the South create?
a race-based definition of slavery
What did slave codes lead to?
Racial discrimination[laws]—> racist ideas —> ignorance and hatred
How did slaves resist against enslavement?
- Stono Rebellion
- Escape
- Rebellion
- maintaining their culture and religion
What were pluralism and intellectual exchange enhanced by?
The first Great Awakening and the spread of European Enlightenment ideas
Who is Roger Williams and why was he banished in 1635?
- he spoke out against the taking of Native American land and government involvement in religion)
- banished from Massachusetts for “heresy”
What did Roger Williams start?
he started his own colony, Rhode Island founded on religious freedom
Why was Anne Hutchinson banished in 1638?
- Anne Hutchinson banished for heresy, as she felt anyone who worshiped god directly could go to heaven.
In 1660s, church membership declined which led to…
the creation of the halfway covenant - you only have to show up sometimes- you don’t have to be fully involved with the church
What is the First Great Awakening?
a wave of preachers delivered sermons emphasizing person & emotional connections to God, sparking a major religious revival.
Who were famous preachers during the First Great Awakening
- George Whitefield
- Jonathan Edwards
What spread during the first great awakening?
Religious fervor spread across the colonies where parishioners were encouraged to repent sins and obey God
What are the impacts of the First Great Awakening(3)?
- First unifying “American” experience
- Helped spark religious tolerance
- Movement stressed equality between ministers and laypeople(foundation of democratic sentiment)
What sparked the enlightenment?
Sparked during the 17th century in Europe by scientific and intellectual discoveries
What did the enlightenment produce?
it produced a growing heightened concern with politics and government
What were some key thinkers about the Enlightenment?
Francis Bacon and John Locke
What is anglicization?
becoming “English”
How did colonies become anglicized politically?
seven of the 13 colonies developed into Royal Colonies, ruled by officials and governors responsible to and appointed by the reigning sovereign of Great Britain
How did colonies become anglicized socially?
the upper classes all modeled their lives on the upper classes of the British
How did colonies become anglicized economically?
every colony was tied to the British transatlantic trade network
Who created the Dominion of New England and what did it do?
King James II assumed the throne in 1685 and created the Dominion of New England, it combined the government the New England colonies with New York and New Jersey
Who did King James II appoint as the governor for the Dominion of New England
Sir Edmund Andros
Who did the New England colonies hate?
James II
How was the Dominion of New England abolished?
James II was forced out and replaced by Protestants William & Mary in 1689 (The Glorious Revolution), Bostonians arrested and imprisoned Andros & the Dominion of New England was abolished
What was the revolution that forced James II from the throne?
The Glorious Revolution
What is Leisler’s Rebellion?
When Andros(unpopular) had been governing New York through a Lieutenant Governor, Captain Francis Nicholson, and in 1689 Jacob Leisler raised a militia, captured the city fort, and drove Nicholson into exile, declaring himself governor
What happened to Jacob Leisler after 2 years?
he was arrested convicted of treason, and executed
What is Bacon’s Rebellion/ how did it start?
- Nathaniel Bacon raised an army in Virginia and laid siege to Jamestown, forcing out Royal Governor William Berkeley.
- After burning down Jamestown, Bacon suddenly died
- Bacon and his supporters had viewed Berkeley as a corrupt extension of the British Crown
How did Puritans bake a sense of exceptionalism?
Moreover, the Puritans’ “city upon a hill” ideal and the fact that they were religious separatists baked a sense of exceptionalism into the foundation of Colonial America
Colonists’ resistance to imperial control came from …
local experiences of self-government, evolving ideas of liberty, and the political thought of the Enlightenment
