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APUSH > Period 2.3-2.6 > Flashcards

Period 2.3-2.6 Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

What is Salutary Neglect?

A

as long as the colonists were providing goods to the British. They would turn a blind eye to anything they did.

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2
Q

What did salutary neglect lead to the creation of?

A
  • unique self-government
  • town meetings in New England
  • legislatures in southern colonies(ex. Virginia House of Burgesses)
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3
Q

Who settled in the New England colonies?

A

Puritans who lived in small towns

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4
Q

What is the southern colonies economy?

A

plantation based/ large scale farming

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5
Q

What is mercantilism?

A

an economic theory that believes that a nation’s power was based on how much gold and silver was accumulated

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6
Q

What were New England colonies exports?

A

lumber and rum

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7
Q

What were the middle colonies exports?

A

wheat

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8
Q

What did the southern colonies exports?

A

tobacco, rice, and indigo

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9
Q

What gave rise to transatlantic trade?

A

the theory of mercantilism

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10
Q

What did Europe send to the Colonies and Africa?

A

manufactured goods

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11
Q

What did Africa trade to the Colonies?

A

enslaved Africans through the Middle Passage

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12
Q

What did the colonies send to Europe?

A

raw materials (rum, tobacco, rice)

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13
Q

What did the Navigation Acts state?

A

the colonies could not trade with anyone except for Great Britain

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14
Q

What became a problem because of the Navigation Acts?

A

Bribery and smuggling

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15
Q

What is a good thing about the Navigation Acts?

A

There was a guaranteed buyer for goods

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16
Q

The Beaver Wars are an example of what?

A

Native and European competition over goods.
The beavers were a “hot commodity” and the population declined because of over-harvesting —> leading to conflicts (specifically the Iroquois)

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17
Q

relations between Native Americans and Europeans centered around…(3 things)

A

trade and exchange, alliances, and warfare

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18
Q

What were the 2 earliest colonies?

A

Plymouth and Jamestown

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19
Q

How were Native Americans exposed to diseases

A

interactions with Europeans

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20
Q

What did Puritans attempt?

A

Praying towns –> tried to convert Native Americans to Christianity

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21
Q

What was Metacom’s War/ Philip’s War 1675

A

Colonists tried pushing westward onto Native lands –> a Native named Metacom fought back, but it ended with the beheading of Metacom(deadlist war in American history)

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22
Q

What did the English do after the King Philip’s War?

A

Increase expansion and forced assimilation on Natives

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23
Q

What are 2 examples of Native resistance?

A

the Pueblo Revolt and King Philip’s War

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24
Q

Slavery in the 1440s by the Portuguese

A
  • the Portuguese forcibly transported Africans to the Americans for labor via the Middle Passage
    • With about 15% of 12 million dying at sea
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25
Q

What colony was founded in 1607

A

Jamestown in Virginia

26
Q

When and where did the first Africans arrive?

A

1619 in Jamestown

27
Q

What led to the growth of the slave trade

A
  • a shortage of indentured servants
  • growing demand for European goods on colonists’ plantations
28
Q

Where did slaves work in New England colonies?

A

few small scale farms

29
Q

Where did slaves work in the Middle colonies?

A

port cities and on farms

30
Q

Where did slaves work in the Southern colonists?

A

large plantations

31
Q

What is the dominant labor system in the southern colonies?

A

chattel slavery

32
Q

What did slave codes in the South create?

A

a race-based definition of slavery

33
Q

What did slave codes lead to?

A

Racial discrimination[laws]—> racist ideas —> ignorance and hatred

34
Q

How did slaves resist against enslavement?

A
  • Stono Rebellion
  • Escape
  • Rebellion
  • maintaining their culture and religion
35
Q

What were pluralism and intellectual exchange enhanced by?

A

The first Great Awakening and the spread of European Enlightenment ideas

36
Q

Who is Roger Williams and why was he banished in 1635?

A
  • he spoke out against the taking of Native American land and government involvement in religion)
  • banished from Massachusetts for “heresy”
37
Q

What did Roger Williams start?

A

he started his own colony, Rhode Island founded on religious freedom

38
Q

Why was Anne Hutchinson banished in 1638?

A
  • Anne Hutchinson banished for heresy, as she felt anyone who worshiped god directly could go to heaven.
39
Q

In 1660s, church membership declined which led to…

A

the creation of the halfway covenant - you only have to show up sometimes- you don’t have to be fully involved with the church

40
Q

What is the First Great Awakening?

A

a wave of preachers delivered sermons emphasizing person & emotional connections to God, sparking a major religious revival.

41
Q

Who were famous preachers during the First Great Awakening

A
  • George Whitefield
  • Jonathan Edwards
42
Q

What spread during the first great awakening?

A

Religious fervor spread across the colonies where parishioners were encouraged to repent sins and obey God

43
Q

What are the impacts of the First Great Awakening(3)?

A
  • First unifying “American” experience
  • Helped spark religious tolerance
  • Movement stressed equality between ministers and laypeople(foundation of democratic sentiment)
44
Q

What sparked the enlightenment?

A

Sparked during the 17th century in Europe by scientific and intellectual discoveries

45
Q

What did the enlightenment produce?

A

it produced a growing heightened concern with politics and government

46
Q

What were some key thinkers about the Enlightenment?

A

Francis Bacon and John Locke

47
Q

What is anglicization?

A

becoming “English”

48
Q

How did colonies become anglicized politically?

A

seven of the 13 colonies developed into Royal Colonies, ruled by officials and governors responsible to and appointed by the reigning sovereign of Great Britain

49
Q

How did colonies become anglicized socially?

A

the upper classes all modeled their lives on the upper classes of the British

50
Q

How did colonies become anglicized economically?

A

every colony was tied to the British transatlantic trade network

51
Q

Who created the Dominion of New England and what did it do?

A

King James II assumed the throne in 1685 and created the Dominion of New England, it combined the government the New England colonies with New York and New Jersey

52
Q

Who did King James II appoint as the governor for the Dominion of New England

A

Sir Edmund Andros

53
Q

Who did the New England colonies hate?

A

James II

54
Q

How was the Dominion of New England abolished?

A

James II was forced out and replaced by Protestants William & Mary in 1689 (The Glorious Revolution), Bostonians arrested and imprisoned Andros & the Dominion of New England was abolished

55
Q

What was the revolution that forced James II from the throne?

A

The Glorious Revolution

56
Q

What is Leisler’s Rebellion?

A

When Andros(unpopular) had been governing New York through a Lieutenant Governor, Captain Francis Nicholson, and in 1689 Jacob Leisler raised a militia, captured the city fort, and drove Nicholson into exile, declaring himself governor

57
Q

What happened to Jacob Leisler after 2 years?

A

he was arrested convicted of treason, and executed

58
Q

What is Bacon’s Rebellion/ how did it start?

A
  • Nathaniel Bacon raised an army in Virginia and laid siege to Jamestown, forcing out Royal Governor William Berkeley.
  • After burning down Jamestown, Bacon suddenly died
  • Bacon and his supporters had viewed Berkeley as a corrupt extension of the British Crown
59
Q

How did Puritans bake a sense of exceptionalism?

A

Moreover, the Puritans’ “city upon a hill” ideal and the fact that they were religious separatists baked a sense of exceptionalism into the foundation of Colonial America

60
Q

Colonists’ resistance to imperial control came from …

A

local experiences of self-government, evolving ideas of liberty, and the political thought of the Enlightenment

APUSH (6 decks)

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