Period 6 Part II (Chapters 8-14) Flashcards
Push Factors
Negative factors from which people are fleeing.
Pull Factors
Positive attractions of the adopted country.
Old Immigrants
Immigrants who came from northern and western Europe through the 1880s, most of whom were Protestant, English-speaking, highly literate, and occupationally skilled.
New Immigrants
Immigrants from southern and eastern Europe beginning in the 1890s and continuing to World War I, most of whom poor; illiterate; Roman Catholic, Greek Orthodox, Russian Orthodox, or Jewish; and unskilled.
Chinese Exclusion Act
Ended the immigration of people from China in 1882.
Ethnic Neighborhoods
These allowed immigrant groups to maintain their own language, culture, churches or temples, and social clubs in their crowded tenement quarters. While often crowded, unhealthy, and crime-ridden, these neighborhoods, sometimes called ghettos, often served as springboards for ambitious and hardworking immigrants and their children to achieve their version of the American Dream.
Ellis Island
An immigration center in New York Harbor.
Political Machines
Tightly organized groups of politicians who welcomed newly arrived immigrants to gain their loyalty in future elections.
Tammany Hall
A political machine in New York City led by “Boss” Tweed that started as a social club and later developed into a power center that stole millions from taxpayers in the form of graft and fraud.
Settlement Houses
Young reformers lived and worked in immigrant neighborhoods to learn about the problems of immigrant families firsthand and to teach English to immigrants, pioneer early-childhood education, teach industrial arts, and establish neighborhood theatres and music schools.
White-Collar Workers
Salaried employees whose jobs generally do not involve manual labor.
Gospel of Wealth
Andrew Carnegie argued that the wealthy had a moral responsibility to carry out projects of civic philanthropy to help other members of society to better themselves and, in turn, improve society. Carnegie defended unregulated capitalism, arguing that, though it might be “hard for the individual”, it was “best for the race.”
Philanthropy
Love of humanity, especially as shown in donations to charitable and socially useful causes.
City Beautiful Movement
Advanced grand plans to remake American cities with tree-lined boulevards, public parks, and public cultural attractions.
Public High Schools
At first, these schools followed the college preparatory curriculum of private academies, but soon they became more comprehensive. They began to provide vocational and citizenship education for a changing urban society.
