Period 3 Part II (Chapters 8-13)

Question 1

Federalists

Answer 1

Supporters of the Constitution and its strong federal government.

Question 2

Anti-Federalists

Answer 2

Opponents of the Constitution who feared that the government would be too strong.

Question 3

Constitutional Convention

Answer 3

A convention held in Philadelphia for the purpose of revising the Articles of Confederation.

Question 4

Virginia Plan

Answer 4

Larger states, such as Virginia and Pennsylvania, should have proportionally more representatives in Congress than the smaller states, such as New Jersey and Delaware.

Question 5

New Jersey Plan

Answer 5

Each state should have an equal number of representatives in Congress, regardless of each state’s size.

Question 6

Connecticut Plan

Answer 6

Also known as the Great Compromise, it provided for a bicameral (two-house) Congress. In the Senate, states would have equal representation, but in the House of Representatives, each state would be represented according to the size of its population.

Question 7

3/5 Compromise

Answer 7

Each enslaved individual was counted as 3/5 of a person for the purposes of determining a state’s level of taxation and representation.

Question 8

Federalism

Answer 8

A system with a strong but limited central government.

Question 9

Separation of Powers

Answer 9

Dividing power among different branches of government.

Question 10

Bill of Rights

Answer 10

The ten amendments drafted largely by James Madison that were ratified by the states in 1791.

Question 11

Amendments

Answer 11

Additions or changes to the Constitution to defend individual liberty.

Question 12

Supreme Court

Answer 12

The only federal constitution mentioned in the Constitution, it contains one chief justice and five associate justices.

Question 13

National Debt

Answer 13

The federal government assumed the war debts of the states to pay it off at face value.

Question 14

National Bank

Answer 14

The bank was chartered by the federal government but was privately owned. As a major shareholder of the bank, the federal government could print paper currency and use federal deposits to stimulate business.

Question 15

Jay Treaty

Answer 15

A treaty in which Britain agreed to evacuate its posts but included nothing about impressment; it maintained Washington’s policy of neutrality in the French Revolution.

Question 16

Whiskey Rebellion

Answer 16

Pennsylvanian farmers refused to pay the federal tax on whiskey and attacked the revenue collectors. In response, Washington organized 15,000 state militia under Alexander Hamilton. The rebellion collapsed with almost no bloodshed.

Question 17

Washington Farewell Address

Answer 17

The president spoke against policies and practices that he considered unwise:
- Do not get involved in European affairs.
- Do not make “permanent alliances” in foreign affairs.
- Do not form political parties.
- Do not fall into sectionalism.
His speech had enormous influence because of his prestige.

Question 18

XYZ Affair

Answer 18

Adams sent a delegation to Paris to negotiate with the French government. Certain French ministers, known only as X, Y, and Z because their names were never revealed, requested bribes as the basis for entering into negotiations. The American delegates indignantly refused.

Question 19

Alien and Sedition Acts

Answer 19

The Alien Acts authorized the president to deport aliens considered dangerous and to detain enemy aliens in time of war, while the Sedition Act made it illegal for newspaper editors to criticize either the president or Congress and imposed fines or imprisonment for editors who violated the law.

Question 20

Separation of Church and State

Answer 20

States refused to give financial support to any religious group.

Question 21

Northwest Ordinance

Answer 21

Enacted under the Articles of Confederation, it provided a mechanism for migration and settlement. It planned for the sale of government land, an orderly adoption of western territory into new states public education, and outlawed slavery in the territory.

Question 22

Cotton Gin

Answer 22

A device for separating cotton fiber from the seeds.