Period 3 Part I (Chapters 1-7)

Question 1

Albany Plan of Union

Answer 1

An agreement adopted by delegates from seven colonies and developed by Benjamin Franklin that provided for an intercolonial government and a system for recruiting troops and collecting taxes from the various colonies for their common defense. Each colony was too concerned about preserving its own taxation powers to accept the plan, however, and it never took effect.

Question 2

Salutary Neglect

Answer 2

Very lax in enforcing regulations. Britain exercised little direct control over the colonies and had not enforced its navigation acts regulating colonial trade.

Question 3

Proclamation of 1763

Answer 3

A proclamation that prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains.

Question 4

Pontiac’s Rebellion

Answer 4

Chief Pontiac led an attack against colonial settlements on the western frontier. The Native Americans were angered by the growing westward movement of European settlers onto their land and by the British refusal to offer gifts as the French had done. Pontiac’s alliance of Native Americans in the Ohio River Valley destroyed forts and settlements from New York to Virginia. Rather than relying on colonial forces to retaliate, the British sent regular British troops to put down the uprising.

Question 5

Parliament

Answer 5

The legislative body of the British government that makes laws and decisions; representatives are elected by the people.

Question 6

Quartering Act

Answer 6

This act required the colonists to provide food and living quarters for British soldiers stationed in the colonies.

Question 7

Stamp Act

Answer 7

Required that revenue stamps be placed on most printed paper in the colonies, including all legal documents, newspapers, pamphlets, and advertisements.

Question 8

Sons and Daughters of Liberty

Answer 8

A secret society organized for the purpose of intimidating tax agents. Members of this society sometimes destroyed revenue stamps and tarred and feathered revenue officials.

Question 9

Boston Tea Party

Answer 9

A shipment of East India Company tea arrived in Boston harbor. Before the royal governor could bring the tea ashore, a group of Bostonians, mostly artisans and laborers, disguised themselves as Native Americans and boarded the British ships, dumping 342 chests of tea into the harbor.

Question 10

Coercive Acts

Answer 10

1. Port Act: Closed the port of Boston, prohibiting trade in and out of the harbor until the destroyed tea was paid for.
2. Massachusetts Government Act: Reduced the power of the Massachusetts legislature while increasing the power of the royal governor.
3. Administration of Justice Act: allowed royal officials accused of crimes to be tried in Great Britain instead of in the colonies.
4. The Quartering Act was expanded to enable British troops to be quartered in private homes. It applied to all colonies.

Question 11

Enlightenment

Answer 11

A European movement in literature and philosophy focused on reason that included ideas such as deism, rationalism, and the social contract.

Question 12

Deism

Answer 12

Deists believed in God, but in one who had established natural laws in creating the universe and then rarely or never intervened directly in human affairs. God set the rules but then allowed people to make choices.

Question 13

Social Contract

Answer 13

The concept of an agreement among people to form a government to promote liberty and equality.

Question 14

First Continental Congress

Answer 14

A convention of all the colonies except Georgia, the purpose of which was to respond to what the delegates viewed as Britain’s alarming threats to their liberties.

Question 15

Olive Branch Petition

Answer 15

A petition in which the delegates of the Continental Congress pledged their loyalty and asked the king to intercede with Parliament to secure peace and the protection of colonial rights.

Question 16

Declaration of Independence

Answer 16

A statement written mainly by Thomas Jefferson that listed specific grievances against George III’s government, expressed the basic principles that justified revolution, and declared the colonies to be independent.

Question 17

Loyalists

Answer 17

Colonists who would not challenge the king’s government in any way.

Question 18

Patriots

Answer 18

The approximately 40% of colonists who actively joined the struggle against Britain.

Question 19

Republican Motherhood

Answer 19

A new way that women viewed their status in society, which evolved because of the combination of hearing the revolutionary rhetoric and being actively engaged in the struggle.

Question 20

Daughters of Liberty

Answer 20

A group of women organized to oppose British actions. Before the war, they took direct action by boycotting British goods. During the war, they provided supplies to the fighting forces. Some women followed men into the armed camps and worked as cooks and nurses. In a few instances, women fought in battles, either taking their husband’s place or passing as a man and serving as a soldier.

Question 21

Articles of Confederation

Answer 21

An intentionally weak form of central government among the 13 colonies was created under this document, which was written by the Second Continental Congress during the Revolutionary War. They established a central government that consisted of just one body, a congress, in which each state was given one vote, with at least nine votes out of 13 required to pass important laws.

Question 22

Northwest Ordinance

Answer 22

For the large territory lying between the Great Lakes and the Ohio River, Congress passed an ordinance (law) that set the rules for creating new states. The Northwest Ordinance granted limited self-government to the developing territory and prohibited slavery in the region.

Question 23

Shays’ Rebellion

Answer 23

In the summer of 1786, Captain Daniel Shays, a Massachusetts farmer and Revolutionary War veteran, led other farmers in an uprising against high state taxes, imprisonment for debt, and lack of paper money. The rebel farmers stopped the collection of taxes and forced the closing of debtors’ courts. In January 1787, when Shays and his followers attempted to seize weapons from the Springfield armory, the state militia of Massachusetts broke Shays’ Rebellion.