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Period 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Nationwide strike in 1877 in large cities such as Chicago. President Hayes allowed federal troops to stop it, and the strike resulted in nothing

A

Great railroad strike

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2
Q

19th president from 1877-1881, ended reconstruction and passed some civil service reform

A

Rutherford B. Hayes

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3
Q

Strikebreaker who crosses a picket line of strikers to take a striking workers job

A

Scabs

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4
Q

Where workers were locked out of work before a strike started to avoid one

A

Lacking out

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5
Q

Where “difficult” workers couldn’t be hired or were forced to sign a yellow dog contract

A

Blacklisting

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6
Q

Future employee would sign to agreeing to not join a union

A

Yellow-dog contract

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7
Q

Attempt to organize workers nationwide, formed in 1866. Wanted better conditions, 8 hour workday, and included skilled and unskilled workers

A

National labor union

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8
Q

Financial crisis creating an economic depression until 1879, causes reflected the globalized economy

A

Panic of 1873

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9
Q

Secret society formed in 1869, announced in 1881. Broad industrial union advocating for economic and social changes, and preferred to not violently strike.

A

Knights of labor

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10
Q

Leader of the knights of labor who was elected in 1879

A

Terence V. Powderly

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11
Q

Occurred in 1886, rally in Chicago over a 8 hour workday. Some people die, and was the main rally for the 8 hour workday

A

Haymarket square riot

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12
Q

Founded in 1886, a collection of 20 unions. Focused on economic issues like higher wages

A

American federation of labor

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13
Q

Practice of negotiating between owners and a group of employees

A

Collective bargaining

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14
Q

Companies where workers had to be in the union, meant to stop exploitataion

A

Closed shops

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15
Q

Process of ending a strike to avoid bargaining with workers. Ended in violence or replacement of workers

A

Strikebreaking

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16
Q

1892 strike at Carnegie steel factory that ended with a shooting between workers and detectives protecting the plant. Major setback for unions

A

Homestead strike

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17
Q

Made sleeping cars for the railroads. Fired half its employees after the 1893 panic, which president Cleveland had to stop

A

Pullman palace car company

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18
Q

22nd and 24th president. Democrat who solved the Venezuelan crisis of 1895

A

Grover Cleveland

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19
Q

1895 supreme court case ruling that court interferences to break strikes was justified in the support of interstate commerce. Allowed employers to not deal with labor unions

A

In re debs

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20
Q

Idea by historian Frederick Jackson Turner in 1893 that the west shaped America’s ideals such as democracy and individualism. When there was no more land out west, new “wests” would be created

A

Turner’s “frontier thesis”

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21
Q

Nickname for influx of immigrants for the 1849 California gold rush

A

Forty-niners

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22
Q

3rd party formed in 1874, disbanded in 1889, later merged into the populist party

A

Greenback party

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23
Q

Provided settlers 160 acres of land if they would live and work it for 5 years

A

Homestead act of 1862

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24
Q

Nickname for homesteaders on the great planes

A

Sodbusters

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25
Founded in 1867, a group of farmers and their families. Wanted to end the power of rail owners, helped make the populist party
National grange of the patrons of husbandry
26
Advocated for a silver standard, graduated income tax, and direct elections. Absorbed into the democratic party after the 1892 election
Populist party
27
1877 supreme court ruling saying states had the right to regulate business serving the public interest. Increased rail regulation
Munn v. Illinois
28
1887 law regulating rail companies participating in interstate commerce. First government regulation of private business
Interstate commerce act
29
Famous native defeat against the US, but they were later hunted down by the US. Involved the Sioux and the US
Battle of little bighorn
30
US colonel who led troops in the battle of little bighorn
George Cluster
31
Sioux movement encouraging a revival of native culture and discarding of white ideas
Ghost dance movement
32
1890 massacre of over 200 native men in South Dakota
Battle of wounded knee
33
1887 act stripping tribes of federal recognition and land. Land was sold and native boarding schools were created
Dawes severalty act
34
1896 supreme court ruling upholding segregation and "separate but equal" Overturned by the civil rights act
Plessy v. Ferguson
35
Laws enforcing segregation, typically in the south
Jim Crow laws
36
Former slave advocating for black education. Founded the Tuskegee education center
Booker T. Washington
37
1882 law restricting Chinese immigration to the US, fueled by nativism
Chinese exclusion act
38
Anti-immigration activists, mostly English protestants fearing Catholic immigration
Nativists
39
Political machine led by Boss Tweed
Tammany Hall
40
Leader of Tammany Hall who gave the poor, immigrants, and small businesses aid in exchange for votes
Boss Tweed
41
Authoritarian political organization controlling political influence that helps control and win elections
Political machines
42
Linked the Atlantic and Pacific by rail and telegraph, accelerated US development
Transcontinental railroad
43
Business tycoon who gained wealth by buying out smaller railroads under one company, the New York Central Railroad
Cornelius Vanderbilt
44
Rail company that consolidated smaller rail companies and linked major cities in the eat and midwest
New York central railroad
45
Half of the transcontinental railroad, began in Nebraska and went west
Union Pacific railroad
46
Part of the transcontinental railroad from California eastward, Chinese laborers built most of it
Central Pacific railroad
47
Merchant who oversaw the Central Pacific railroad, gained large amounts of money due to his control over rails
Leland Stanford
48
Point where the Union Pacific rail and Central Pacific rail met in 1869, completing the transcontinental railroad in Utah
Promontory point
49
Name of investors who artificially inflated the value of their companies stock, sold the stock to the public, and profited. The company would go bankrupt leaving stockholders with nothing
Robber barons
50
Scientist known for inventing the telephone in 1876
Alexander Graham Bell
51
Process that made steel production faster and cheaper, leading to increased use of steel
Bessemer process
52
industry titan who had large control over rails in the 1860s by innovation, investment, and low costs. Gave away large amounts of his money
Andrew Carnegie
53
Supplied half the worlds steel at its height. Bought by J.P Morgan to create US steel
Carnegie steel company
54
Formed by Morgan who purchased Carnegie's steel company and eventually consolidated the entire industry
US steel
55
Monopolized the oil industry with the standard oil company. Also a philanthropist
John D. Rockefeller
56
Owned by Rockefeller and controlled almost all US oil refineries by consolidation and horizontal integration
Standard oil company
57
Process of merging companies that compete in a production process, which creates a monopoly
Horizontal integration
58
Common monopoly where stockholders in multiple companies sold their stock to a larger companies for trust certificates, which let investors have a share as silent partners
Trust
59
Economic depression due to the failure of the reading railroad company and artificial inflation of stock value. Lasted 4 years, and the amount of gold was depleted
Panic of 1893
60
When members of a company's board of directors also on the boards of other companies, linking them at a management level. Often leads to corruption and conflicts of interest
Interlocking directories
61
Total or near total domination of an industry by one business. Can artificially fix prices and stifle innovation due to lack of innovation
Monopolies
62
First articulated by the economist Adam Smith, the idea that natural market forces, not government regulations or subsidies, should control the marketplace.
Laissez-faire

APUSH (9 decks)

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