Period 4.1-4.7

Question 1

Democratic Republicans

Answer 1

Evolution of the Anti-Federalist party that emphasized the powers reserved to states and leaned towards the French.

Question 2

Federalists

Answer 2

Stood for a stronger national government and leaned towards Great Britain in terms of international affairs.

Question 3

Strict Interpretation

Answer 3

Restriction of the Constitution to the powers explicitly stated within the document, followed by Jefferson and the Anti-Federalists.

Question 4

Loose Interpretation

Answer 4

View of the Federalists mainly that ascribed powers to the government that they argued were implied within the Constitution.

Question 5

Judicial Review

Answer 5

Established within Marbury v. Madison, set the precedent that the Supreme Court could now overrule actions of the other two branches of the federal government.

Question 6

Marbury v. Madison

Answer 6

Established the theory of Judicial Review, Marshall ruled that the Judiciary Act of 1789 had given the Court greater power than the Constitution allowed and declared the Act unconstitutional.

Question 7

McCulloch v. Maryland

Answer 7

Marshall ruled that a state could not tax a federal institution and that federal laws supercede state ones. Also settled the debate over the constitutionality of the bank, citing implied powers.

Question 8

Louisiana Purchase

Answer 8

The buying of the Louisiana territory from France for $15 million. Caused an issue for Jefferson due to his policy of strict interpretation, but he set this aside for the purchase.

Question 9

Era of Good Feelings

Answer 9

Began with the election of James Monroe as president in 1816. The Federalists dissolved and the Democratic-Republicans dominated politics, which led to a perception of national unity.

Question 10

Missouri Compromise

Answer 10

Proposal by Henry Clay that won majority support for bills that would present a compromise: Missouri becomes a slave state, Maine a free state, and slavery would be prohibited above the 36th parallel.

Question 11

Protective Tariff

Answer 11

Congress raised tariffs for the purpose of protecting U.S. manufacturers from competition, the first of its kind in U.S. history. New England was the only region to not support this.

Question 12

American System

Answer 12

Proposal by Henry Clay to advance the nation’s economic growth: establish protective tariffs, a national bank, and internal improvements in manufacturing. Would also raise revenue for a system of federal roads and canals

Question 13

Sectionalism

Answer 13

Loyalty to one’s own region as opposed to the Union, largely brought about in regards to the debate over slavery.

Question 14

War of 1812

Answer 14

War between Britain and the US because of the continued violations of neutrality by the British and the threat they posed on the western frontier. Ended with the Treaty of Ghent and was decided to be a stalemate.

Question 15

Barbary Pirates

Answer 15

Jefferson refused to pay a tribute to pirates off the coast of North Africa and sent a small fleet to protect U.S. merchant ships. Was not a decisive victory but garnered a level of respect for the new nation.

Question 16

Monroe Doctrine

Answer 16

The declaration to Europe that monarchical influence over the Americas would not be tolerated, was backed with the might of the British fleet.

Question 17

Old Northwest

Answer 17

6 states that joined the Union before 1860: Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota. Settled through the Northwest Ordinance.

Question 18

Cumberland Road

Answer 18

Or the national road, a highway extending over a thousand miles from Maryland to Illinois and built using both federal and state powers.

Question 19

Erie Canal

Answer 19

Strengthened the economic ties between the West and East, built in New York State and spurred on many smaller canal construction.

Question 20

Telegraph

Answer 20

Transmitted messages along wires almost instantaneously, invented by Samuel Morse.

Question 21

Lowell System

Answer 21

Strategy to gain more labor for factories in which owners recruited young farm women and housed them in company dormitories. Factories also often used child labor.

Question 22

Cotton gin

Answer 22

Machine created by Eli Whitney that more efficiently separated the fiber from the seeds of cotton. Created King Cotton and caused a boom in the South’s dependence on slaves.

Question 23

Industrial Revoltuion

Answer 23

Time period in which significant technological advances caused the economy to shift dramatically from agriculture to manufacturing.

Question 24

Unions

Answer 24

Organization of laborers aiming to protect the interests of workers. Win the right to negotiate labor contracts and helped pass laws such as a 10 hour work day in some states.

Question 25

Common Man

Answer 25

The average American, a demographic being more focused on as politics developed through developments such as popular campaigning, universal white male suffrage, etc.

Question 26

Universal White Male Suffrage

Answer 26

States implemented voting rights for all white males as they joined the Union, influencing the eastern states to do the same. Resulted in common people being able to vote and hold office.

Question 27

Popular campaigning

Answer 27

The directing of campaigns towards the interests and prejudices of the common people, turning politics into a form of entertainment.

Question 28

Spoils system

Answer 28

‘To the victor go the spoils’; A practice used liberally by Jefferson in which, upon the appointment of a new president, many federal positions occupied with people of a different party would be replaced with one more aligned with the presidential office.