Period 3.8-3.13

Question 1

Federalists

Answer 1

Those who supported the Constitution and its strong federal government

Question 2

Anti-Federalists

Answer 2

Those who feared the new Constitution and its strong federal government would have too much power

Question 3

Constitutional Convention

Answer 3

Gathering of representatives from all colonies called by Congress to revise the Articles of Confederation. Established separation of powers and checks and balances, but the power of the new government was hotly debated.

Question 4

Virginia Plan

Answer 4

Proposal by James Madison that would favor larger states in terms of representation in Congress

Question 5

New Jersey

Answer 5

Counter to the Virginia plan that would give representation to smaller states

Question 6

Connecticut Plan

Answer 6

Otherwise known as the Great Compromise, it created a two-house Congress made up of the House and the Senate.

Question 7

3/5 Compromise

Answer 7

Counted each individual slave as three-fifths of a person for the purposes of determining a state’s level of taxation and representation

Question 8

Federalism

Answer 8

A system with a strong but limited central government.

Question 9

Separation of Powers

Answer 9

The dividing of powers among different branches of government.

Question 10

Amendments

Answer 10

Additions to the Constitution aimed at protecting individuals from the federal, and later state, government(s).

Question 11

Bill of Rights

Answer 11

The first 10 amendments, drafted largely by James Madison

Question 12

Supreme Court

Answer 12

The highest court within the US government, was responsible for interpreting the Constitution.

Question 13

National debt

Answer 13

All the money that the government owed plus interest, Hamilton argued that the federal government should assume responsibility for the states’ individual debt.

Question 14

National Bank

Answer 14

Part of the plan presented by Hamilton to Congress in an attempt to rescue the failing economy, would provide the basis of a stable U.S. economy. Jefferson was staunchly opposed to the idea.

Question 15

Jay Treaty

Answer 15

Treaty negotiated by John Jay with Parliament that got Britain to evacuate American forts but did nothing about the problem of impressment, causing the treaty to be unpopular with the American populace.

Question 16

Whiskey Rebellion

Answer 16

A result of Congress putting taxes on whiskey especially, Pennsylvanian farmers refused to pay the tax and attacked revenue collectors. Washington amasses an army to intimidate them, but the action causes conflict within the populace.

Question 17

Washington Farewell Address

Answer 17

Speech in which the retiring president warmed against getting involved in European affairs, making permanent allies, forming political parties, and sectionalism.

Question 18

XYZ Affair

Answer 18

Incident in which John Adams sent a delegation to Paris to negotiate an end to the seizing of U.S. merchant ships. Three French ministers requested bribes to entertain negotiations, which angered the US populace and called for war.

Question 19

Alien and Sedition Acts

Answer 19

The Federalist controlled House and Senate passed laws to restrict the Democratic-Republicans through the deportation of immigrants and imposing the law upon newspapers criticising the government.

Question 20

Separation of Church and State

Answer 20

State governments would refuse to give financial support to any religious group. This deviated from many traditional European governments, including Britain.

Question 21

Northwest Ordinance

Answer 21

A plan under the Articles of Confederation that planned for the sale of government land, an orderly adaptation of new states, public education, and the outlaw of slavery in the new territories.

Question 22

Cotton Gin

Answer 22

Device invented by Eli Whitney that separated cotton fiber from the seeds. This caused the cotton industry to skyrocket and increased the demand for slaves dramatically.