Period 3

Question 1

7 Year’s War

Answer 1

Also known as the French and Indian War, Happened from 1754-1763, occurs after Period of Salutary Neglect in Britain where the country avoids enforcing laws of Parliament, Treaty of Paris in 1763 ends (French and Indian) war

Question 2

1763 Treaty of Paris

Answer 2

France gives all territories in North America back and ends threat to colonies there, encourages split between Britain and Colonial America due to differing interests, colonists begin fighting for independence

Question 3

Salutary Neglect

Answer 3

British policy before 1763 wherein Britain leaves the colonies alone to conduct their own internal affairs, abandoned after 1763

Question 4

Enlightenment

Answer 4

intellectual movement in Europe beginning in 1600’s where religious matters became superstitions

Question 5

John Locke

Answer 5

justified revolution- govt. rests on natural rights of the governed, believed humans born free, agreed to social compact when it helps the people, said that when people didn’t agree monarchs didn’t deserve to rule, said people were supreme power

Question 6

Ben Franklin

Answer 6

Created the Albany plan, turned against slavery after the Somerset Decision, thought achieving wealth was only good when it also benefited other people as well, favored voluntary associations over govt. institutions, defender of federalism, advocate for religious liberty

Question 7

French Revolution

Answer 7

Social and political movement in France that introduces ideas of liberty, equality and fraternity and topples the monarchy; important b/c the United States did not get involved due to Washington’s intuition for the mess it would become; argument of whether or not to get involved dominated Washington’s second term; creates idea of overthrowing monarchy

Question 8

Northeast America during early 1800’s

Answer 8

Mainly aligned with Britain and agreed with their political involvement

Question 9

Southeast America during early 1800’s

Answer 9

Connected with France for most of this time

Question 10

George Washington’s Farewell Address

Answer 10

given in September 1796 6 months before he left office, suggested to avoid political parties and wanted to avoid foreign alliances

Question 11

Common Sense

Answer 11

Written by Thomas Paine, shaped the public opinion by shaping the “common faith” of the new nation, emphasized the importance of the written word, read by lots because of increasing literacy rate due to people reading the bible

Question 12

The Declaration of Independence

Answer 12

Richard Henry Lee proposes this in 1776 and the Committee of Five writes a draft just in case, signed July 3rd after sending a List of Grievances to King George and said that all men were “created equal”, adopted on July 4th with Locke’s ideas included, the Articles of Confederation are then created and adopted to govern the nation as a whole

Question 13

Articles of Confederation

Answer 13

Written document setting up loose confederation of states; creates 1st national govt. from 1781-1788; 13 colonies declare themselves independent states; Congress can only raise money through taxes if each state agrees; created Northwest territory and sets up territorial govt.s which was their biggest success (land ordinances); helps determine education in these areas and where to place schools; slavery is outlawed in the Northwest

Question 14

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Answer 14

legislation passed by congress under the Articles of Confederation which provides for public schools, sale of govt. land and prohibits slavery in these territories; also promised to protect Indian land but nothing actually ever done with this intention

Question 15

United States Constitution

Answer 15

After the constitutional convention, the 38 delegates send the draft to congress; in 1787, fight over whether should be ratified or not; ratified after reaches minimum number of states (9 out of 13)

Question 16

Virginia Plan

Answer 16

1st proposal put forward at Constitutional convention, includes 2 houses of congress elected by proportional representation (population), and a national executive and judiciary (federal courts)

Question 17

Constitutional Convention

Answer 17

Held in 1787 in Philadelphia to propose amendments to the Articles of Confederation but wasn’t completely possible so instead, a constitution was created

Question 18

separation of powers

Answer 18

key aspect of constitution where different parts of new national govt. would have authority that was always limited by the other parts

Question 19

federalism

Answer 19

A system of govt. in which power is clearly divided b/t state govts and the national govt.

Question 20

proportional representation

Answer 20

way of selecting representatives in congress based on the total population of a state

Question 21

New Jersey Plan

Answer 21

proposal by New Jersey delegation to convention where both houses of Congress elected by states and each delegation size would be equal

Question 22

The Great Compromise

Answer 22

Also known as the Connecticut Plan, proposed national bicameral legislature where all states equally represented in Senate and proportionally represented in the House, very important for final constitution

Question 23

Electoral College

Answer 23

system in which state selects POTUS electors according to number of senators and reps in Congress in whatever method prefered and electors then select the president

Question 24

three-fifths clause

Answer 24

compromise from the constitutional convention where slaves would be counted as 3/5ths of a person in order to create state representation under the proportional representation plan

Question 25

Dartmouth College v. Woodward

Answer 25

John Marshall (federalist) reviews charter converting Dartmouth from private to state college; secures the idea that contracts are inviolable; gives Supreme Court the right to review actions of state legislatures and asserts inviolability of contracts

Question 26

McCulloch v. Maryland

Answer 26

Maryland taxes the U.S. bank to try and drive its branch out of business; goes to Supreme Court where they assert thatCongress can charter a bank w/national interest in mind, Supreme Court declares that states can not interfere w/workings of fed. govt.

Question 27

early nullification issues

Answer 27

Calhoun (VP) declares that states can declare tariffs/fed. laws null and void but DID NOT advocate secession; challenges previous statements made by Andrew Jackson (POTUS); Jackson was populist so would do whatever nation preferred such as opposing Tariff of Abominations

Question 28

Tariff of Abominations

Answer 28

revised tax in imports that lowers tax on cotton products but raises it on many products made in mid-Atlantic states; causes much controversy especially w/in Planters in South Carolina

Question 29

Federalist Papers

Answer 29

written by James Madison, John Jay and Alexander Hamilton in 1787 after the Constitutional Convention; tried to persuade ppl. to ratify constitution in order to create a strong national govt.; published in newspapers across the nation; some states would ratify IF given bill of rights

Question 30

Federalism

Answer 30

Structure of new govt. under constitution where the law of land=constitution; Thought fed govt. is stronger than state govt.; favored the ratification of the constitution

Question 31

Separation of Powers

Answer 31

Montesquieu- created idea of having 3 branches and checks and balances; thought there should be system where Executive office/POTUS enforces laws, Supreme Court interprets laws and Congress passes/writes laws

Question 32

Bill of Rights

Answer 32

Important to key founding fathers (Madison promised this) b/c if not written, fed govt. might not allow these things: Freedom of speech, Allowed to bear arms, Freedom of thought, Right to petition; originally amendments to constitution; some states would only ratify the constitution if these were created; total of 10 amendments in the end; made the govt. operate within clear limits

Question 33

Causes of American Revolution

Answer 33

British impress young American men into their army; The Boston Massacre/Tea Party; Acts: Sugar, Currency, Stamp, Declaratory, Revenue, Tea, “Intolerable”; taxes caused by Britain trying to replenish debt by creating new taxes/acts

Question 34

French and Spanish involvement in American Revolution

Answer 34

Helped the rebels win; wanted to embarrass British; wanted greater access to trade w/America; Franklin goes to Paris to form alliance w/France and they then officially declare war on Britain; Spain does the same and helps w/attacks along the Mississippi River; funds and efforts ease w/need for supplies

Question 35

Women’s Involvement in Revolution

Answer 35

Camp followers would provide water, feed troops, nurse wounded and sometimes fight in battles; patriot women raise $300,000 for the Continental Army; sewed and bought cloth for soldiers; harvested land for needy farmers w/out workers

Question 36

1783 Treaty of Paris

Answer 36

British surrender in Yorktown; Parliament and British public don’t want anymore war; 1780-peace relations made and British delegates surrender, The United States is declared independent from Britain- separate treaties w/France and Spain

Question 37

Effects of the American Revolution

Answer 37

Hamilton creates the U.S. bank to get back debt caused by war; Shay’s Rebellion of farmers against state taxes to pay off Revolution

Question 38

Republican Motherhood

Answer 38

belief that women should have more rights and a better education to support husbands and raise sons who could actively participate in political affairs of society

Question 39

The British victory in the French and Indian War was due largely to…

Answer 39

British soldiers financed by the British government

Question 40

An American advantage in the war for independence was…

Answer 40

British reluctance to engage in full-scale war against the colonies

Question 41

A major source of the new feeling of nationalism after the Revolutionary War was the…

Answer 41

common sacrifice by soldiers and civilians during the war

Question 42

In your textbook’s opinion, most American citizens in the 1780’s gave their first loyalty to…

Answer 42

Their own statea