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APUSH > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

Anaconda Plan

A
  • idea of blocking South by the sea, taking control of Mississippi river and squeeze Confederacy into submission
  • proposed by Winfield Scott
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2
Q

Battle of Bull Run

A

Confederates hold ground against tired Union troops
==let out rebel yell- frightening yell Confederates gave ==when entering battle that unnerved Northern troops
-Union flees- Confederacy wins
-confidence increases

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3
Q

Army of the Potomac

A

main union army led by series of generals until Ulysses S. Grant took command in 1863 and led to final victory in 1865

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4
Q

Jefferson Davis

A

Strategy=Survival and possible partnership with England

-President of the Confederate states of America

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5
Q

Iron clad ships

A

new weapons
New Confederate ships- Tredegar Iron Works, VA
==U.S.S. Merrimack renamed C.S.S. Virginia- iron ram and 10 guns
U.S. Navy new ships- John Ericsson
==iron-clad w/two 11-inch guns- named the Monitor

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6
Q

Confederate Army of N. Virginia

A

main Con. army led for most of war by Robert E. Lee, fought in VA, MA, and PA before surrendering at Appomattox court House in April 1865
-designed to protect Richmond, VA

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7
Q

Issues w/generals

A

Lincoln wants action while generals let the enemy retreat

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8
Q

Peninsular Campaign of 1862

A

McClellan lands troops on Virginia coast’s peninsula and win

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9
Q

Shenandoah

A

1862- Con. Gen. Stonewall Jackson defeats North in Shenandoah Valley, keeps Knoxville and east Tennessee
-kept winning to McClellan troops diverted to help captured troops

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10
Q

contrabands

A

slaves who fled to Union

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11
Q

colonialization

A

=plan to create colonies in Africa for former slaves to return to- not popular w/slaves
=Lincoln more interested in keeping Kentucky than emancipating slaves

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12
Q

Emancipation Proclamation

A

decree announced by Lincoln and formally issued Jan. 1, 1863 freeing slaves in all Confed. states still in rebellion
didn’t free anyone when 1st issued

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13
Q

Election of 1860 Candidates

A

North- Steven A. Douglas= against Congress interfering w/slavery
South- John Breckenridge= pro-slavery
Constitutional Union Party-John Bell=reconciliation platform
Republican- Abe Lincoln= opposes extension of slavery but defends domestic rights and protective tariffs/internal improvements

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14
Q

Richmond

A

capital of the confederacy

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15
Q

Battle of Antietam

A

=Led to Lincoln issuing emancipation proclamation
=British don’t help south
=McClellan fired as general

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16
Q

Peace Democrats

A

1862- also called Copperheads, large part of Democratic party that advocates immediate peace w/Confederacy on terms that it would allow it to leave the union

17
Q

Black Soldiers in the Union

A
  • Gov. John Andrew organizes 54th and 55th Mass. regiments

- recruited free blacks across the North

18
Q

Battle at fort Wagner

A
  • 54th loses half of its soldiers and white commander Robert Gould Shaw
  • rescued white soldiers and won battle
19
Q

Militia Act of 1862

A
  • pay level is same as military laborers assuming that is where they would work
  • 54th and 55th refuse to accept pay until same as whites
20
Q

Prisoner of war exchanges

A

May 1863: South refuses to send black soldiers in prisoner of war exchanges

  • treated more harshly
  • suspends trade (Lincoln) until 1865 when Confederacy agrees to resume trade
21
Q

Inflation

A
  • 1862- wages increase by 55% and cost of living increases by 300%
  • some areas literally starving after loss of railroads
22
Q

Internal Revenue Service

A
  • agency created by congress during civil war to collect fed. taxes in support of the war effort
  • begin fed. income tax in 1861
  • issued fed. notes w/govt. promise to redeem them
  • authorized and declared legal tende
23
Q

greenbacks

A
  • called this b/c of green ink

- solid monetary system

24
Q

NY draft riot

A

mostly Irish immigrant protest against military drafting in draft offices, black neighborhoods, Republican newspapers and govt. offices

25
Q

Battle of Gettysburg

A
  • Meade=new general

- Union stands ground and Confederacy retreats but Meade does not pursue during retreat

26
Q

New roles for women

A
  • Women begin nursing wounded and sick

- U.S. Sanitary Commission becomes powerful women’s volunteer org.

27
Q

Elizabeth Blackwell

A
  • 1st American female M.D.

- organized Sanitary Commission in 1861

28
Q

Lincoln wins election after…

A
  • Sherman proposes cutting army loose from supply lines and Lincoln/Grant agree
  • Sherman captures Atlanta
29
Q

Appotmattox

A
  • Lee recruits black soldiers after losing hope
  • April 9, 1865- Lee ready to surrender and Grant meets w/him in Appomattox, VA
  • Lee surrenders and Grant gets his soldiers rations
30
Q

Lincoln passes 13th amendment

A

No more slavery across America

31
Q

Politics after wartime

A
  • Lincoln met w/cabinet and develops military districts/govt.s across South to avoid anarchy and go back to civilian rule

APUSH (12 decks)

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