Chapter 14 Flashcards
Anaconda Plan
- idea of blocking South by the sea, taking control of Mississippi river and squeeze Confederacy into submission
- proposed by Winfield Scott
Battle of Bull Run
Confederates hold ground against tired Union troops
==let out rebel yell- frightening yell Confederates gave ==when entering battle that unnerved Northern troops
-Union flees- Confederacy wins
-confidence increases
Army of the Potomac
main union army led by series of generals until Ulysses S. Grant took command in 1863 and led to final victory in 1865
Jefferson Davis
Strategy=Survival and possible partnership with England
-President of the Confederate states of America
Iron clad ships
new weapons
New Confederate ships- Tredegar Iron Works, VA
==U.S.S. Merrimack renamed C.S.S. Virginia- iron ram and 10 guns
U.S. Navy new ships- John Ericsson
==iron-clad w/two 11-inch guns- named the Monitor
Confederate Army of N. Virginia
main Con. army led for most of war by Robert E. Lee, fought in VA, MA, and PA before surrendering at Appomattox court House in April 1865
-designed to protect Richmond, VA
Issues w/generals
Lincoln wants action while generals let the enemy retreat
Peninsular Campaign of 1862
McClellan lands troops on Virginia coast’s peninsula and win
Shenandoah
1862- Con. Gen. Stonewall Jackson defeats North in Shenandoah Valley, keeps Knoxville and east Tennessee
-kept winning to McClellan troops diverted to help captured troops
contrabands
slaves who fled to Union
colonialization
=plan to create colonies in Africa for former slaves to return to- not popular w/slaves
=Lincoln more interested in keeping Kentucky than emancipating slaves
Emancipation Proclamation
decree announced by Lincoln and formally issued Jan. 1, 1863 freeing slaves in all Confed. states still in rebellion
didn’t free anyone when 1st issued
Election of 1860 Candidates
North- Steven A. Douglas= against Congress interfering w/slavery
South- John Breckenridge= pro-slavery
Constitutional Union Party-John Bell=reconciliation platform
Republican- Abe Lincoln= opposes extension of slavery but defends domestic rights and protective tariffs/internal improvements
Richmond
capital of the confederacy
Battle of Antietam
=Led to Lincoln issuing emancipation proclamation
=British don’t help south
=McClellan fired as general
Peace Democrats
1862- also called Copperheads, large part of Democratic party that advocates immediate peace w/Confederacy on terms that it would allow it to leave the union
Black Soldiers in the Union
- Gov. John Andrew organizes 54th and 55th Mass. regiments
- recruited free blacks across the North
Battle at fort Wagner
- 54th loses half of its soldiers and white commander Robert Gould Shaw
- rescued white soldiers and won battle
Militia Act of 1862
- pay level is same as military laborers assuming that is where they would work
- 54th and 55th refuse to accept pay until same as whites
Prisoner of war exchanges
May 1863: South refuses to send black soldiers in prisoner of war exchanges
- treated more harshly
- suspends trade (Lincoln) until 1865 when Confederacy agrees to resume trade
Inflation
- 1862- wages increase by 55% and cost of living increases by 300%
- some areas literally starving after loss of railroads
Internal Revenue Service
- agency created by congress during civil war to collect fed. taxes in support of the war effort
- begin fed. income tax in 1861
- issued fed. notes w/govt. promise to redeem them
- authorized and declared legal tende
greenbacks
- called this b/c of green ink
- solid monetary system
NY draft riot
mostly Irish immigrant protest against military drafting in draft offices, black neighborhoods, Republican newspapers and govt. offices
Battle of Gettysburg
- Meade=new general
- Union stands ground and Confederacy retreats but Meade does not pursue during retreat
New roles for women
- Women begin nursing wounded and sick
- U.S. Sanitary Commission becomes powerful women’s volunteer org.
Elizabeth Blackwell
- 1st American female M.D.
- organized Sanitary Commission in 1861
Lincoln wins election after…
- Sherman proposes cutting army loose from supply lines and Lincoln/Grant agree
- Sherman captures Atlanta
Appotmattox
- Lee recruits black soldiers after losing hope
- April 9, 1865- Lee ready to surrender and Grant meets w/him in Appomattox, VA
- Lee surrenders and Grant gets his soldiers rations
Lincoln passes 13th amendment
No more slavery across America
Politics after wartime
- Lincoln met w/cabinet and develops military districts/govt.s across South to avoid anarchy and go back to civilian rule
