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APUSH > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

Andrew Jackson

A

-inaugurated 1829 March→ celebration of democracy
-didn’t care about big issues; promised to acquire land for the white settlement by forcing Indian tribes to move West of the Mississippi
-promised to undermine the Bank of the US and the power of northern economic elites
-opposed American System (Clay)
-wanted to keep taxes low and keep role of fed gov modest
• Destroying the national bank
• Forcing Indians out of lands desired by whites
• Leading a modest government

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2
Q

spoils system

A
  • way of selecting poeple for the govt. jobs based on the idea that to the victor belongs the spoils
  • supporters of Jackson’s campaign received govt. jobs
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3
Q

kitchen cabinet

A
  • longtime friends and advisors who worked closely with the president
  • accomplish removing Indians from wanted lands; revoking the charter of the Second Bank of the US
  • preserve authority of the federal union against radical supporters of state’s rights
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4
Q

five civilized tribes

A

• Stood in the way of white settlement
• Cherokees the most difficult to remove
• Sophistication of Cherokees
• Cherokees adopted white farming techniques
-Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek and Seminole

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5
Q

Indian Removal Act

A
  • issued 1830
    -“protects” Cherokees from Georgia laws
    -provided funds for removing and resettling easter Indians in the West
    -if they stay in Georgia, they have to be subject to Georgia law (indians would not own property, vote, testify, or obtain credit)
    -granted president the authority to use force if necessary
    resulted in the involuntary transfer of 1000s of Native Americans to new homes in Oklahoma
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6
Q

Cherokees challenge removal act

A
  • Jackson ignored the ruling of John Marshall
  • This led to the tragic Trail of Tears in 1837
  • 12,000 removed to Oklahoma
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7
Q

Second Bank of the United States

A
  • national bank chartered by Congress in 1816
  • William Astor and other rich men meet with Gallatin to load funds for new bank
  • charter passed in 1816
  • opposition from constructionists who say the Bank is not in the constitution
  • seen as farmers’ enemy
  • Jackson=populist (politically represents common people) so he opposed this bank made mainly for the elite
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8
Q

Trail of Tears

A

1838-1839: 12,000 Cherokees forced West to allotted -Native territory (Trail of Tears)

  • from Georgia to Western Territory
  • thousands die
  • Chickasaws go willingly
  • Florida Seminoles leave and stay, causing the 2nd Seminole War in 1842
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9
Q

Nicholas Biddle

A
  • president of the Bank
  • stabilizes economy
  • expands credit
  • allotts uneven wealth amongst the people
  • attempts to renew charter in 1832 but Jackson vetoes it
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10
Q

Death of the U.S. Bank

A

Federal funds deposited in state (“pet”) banks while money is continuously withdrawn from the U.S. bank without any being added back in

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11
Q

John C. Calhoun

A
  • chief spokesperson for states’ rights
  • VP for Adams
  • 1828: writes pamphlet arguing state CAN declare tariffs and fed. law null and void because since states have the authority to decide what was constitutional
  • pro-slavery but also nationalist and supported the U.S. bank
  • support for states causes rivalry b/t him and Jackson- source of nullification issue
  • DID NOT support secession
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12
Q

South Carolina Radicals

A
  • Leaders of South Carolina were becoming fearful of the federal government
  • Anti-federalists in Union who wanted to advocated for secession
  • They advocated the rights of states to declare any federal law null and void or even secede from the Union→ reason: they feared for the future of slavery more than anyone else
  • 1830’s- word spreads Parliament is abolishing slavery and U.S. is afraid Congress will do the same
  • Nullify Tariffs of 1828 and 1830 (Abominations)
  • Clay later makes compromise
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13
Q

Tariff of Abominations

A
  • 1828 tariff
  • called this b/c so uneven and unfair in the industries and regions it protected→ it passed in Congress
  • SC planters saw the tariff as a hardship and unfair use of federal power so they want to nullify it- voted to do so
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14
Q

Daniel Webster

A
  • believed the nation was a union of ppl, not states

- pleaded for a strong definite union that no state should be allowed to undermine in Congress (1830)

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15
Q

Charles Finney

A
  • questioned whether true religious belief was consistent with his legal career
  • left law practice, began to preach in churches, became one of the most influential preachers in US
  • ordained a Presbyterian minister, spirit of revivalism
  • traveled to upstate NY, led largest revival in Rochester, NY
  • took religion more seriously, joined churches, participated in reform movements, and changed NY and American society (along Erie Canal)
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16
Q

Lyman Beecher

A

-one of the staunchest defenders of state support for Congregational churches in Connecticut
-supported revivals and voluntary associations for moral reform, after the churches lost government support
-created American Bible Society → distributed bibles, American Sunday School Union → provided curriculum materials for church-based Sunday schools
American Education Society → supported the education of ministers
American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions → sent missionaries around the world
Goal: strengthen the moral sway of Congregational-Presbyterian Protestantism against individualism of Jacksonian Democrats, Catholics, and other Protestants

17
Q

Women’s Roles in the 2nd Great Awakening

A
  • Encouraged to share voice
  • 3/4 of converts were women
  • Weld: encouraged women to be active in religious communities, welcomed them as prayer leaders and preachers, those who became religious leaders in revivals became leaders in their communities
18
Q

Reform Movements during 2nd Great Awakening

A

o Prisons – reform criminals to return as productive citizens
o Dorothea Dix – humane treatment of mentally ill
o The Shakers: a life of celibacy
o The Oneida Community: sex viewed as a gift to share
o Mormonism: Joseph Smith, founder, of an American born religion which represented a rebirth of true Christianity
o Brigham Young led his followers to the Mexican territory of Utah
o Mormonism’s controversy: Polygamy was allowed until 1890 – which delayed Utah statehood

19
Q

Transcendentalist Movement

A

to search for a direct experience with the divine

20
Q

Ralph Waldo Emerson

A

writings and this movement he helped launch reflected an impatience with “old ways” and a desire for direct and immediate experience of the divine that continued to impact American religious life

21
Q

George Ripley

A
  • A group called the Transcendental Club met at the home of George Ripley to discuss ideas and they created a theology that reflected a personal experience of life
  • Under Ripley’s leadership, the club founded a utopian community in MA where the residents wanted to support themselves by manual labor and genders were equal but they did not know a lot about farming
22
Q

Horace Mann

A
  • helped pass the bill through the MA legislature that created a state Board of Education in which he became the secretary
  • He advocated tighter state standards of education, more money for schools and teacher salaries, and a better education for children
  • He also believed in the citizen’s duty to pay taxes to support the schools
  • Jacksonian Democrats tried to abolish the Board of Education and the office of secretary
  • Roman Catholics hated the growing influence and cost of the public system and believed they should not have to pay for their children to read the Protestant Bible
23
Q

The McGuffey Reader

A
  • first textbook
  • offered lessons in reading and public speaking designed to create a unified, literate, and patriotic society and included patriotic speeches, ethical instruction and instruction in how to speak and present oneself
  • portrayed U.S. as a white, middle class, hardworking, and willing to sacrifice for the common good bunch of ppl
24
Q

Mount Holyoke College

A

founded to encourage women to become teachers

APUSH (12 decks)

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