APUSH 10-16 Terms

Question 1

Abraham Lincoln

Answer 1

described as first “middle-class” president by Ralph Waldo Emerson

Question 2

American Unions

Answer 2

some for miners in the 1890’s to protect them from dangers of work like United Mine Workers of America, farmers gathered together to form these like Knights of Labor and American Federation of Labor, railroad workers in own group, also was Industrial Workers of the World

Question 3

Canals

Answer 3

Erie was one of these, significance=Increased trade between east coast and NYC with the West; other canals were built; canal aged started to be replaced by the railroads in the 30s

Question 4

Compromise of 1850

Answer 4

proposal by Henry Clay to settle debate over slavery in territories from Mexican War, sent through Congress by Stephen Douglas, California=free state, ended slave market in D.C., Fugitive Slave Law, postpones UT/NM slavery

Question 5

Daniel Webster

Answer 5

• believed the nation was a union of ppl, not states
• pleaded for a strong definite union that no state should be allowed to undermine in Congress (1830)
• spokesperson for nationalism and the union

Question 6

Dred Scott

Answer 6

slave demanding freedom based on living in free state and free territory w/his master, supreme court ruled against him, Taney (Chief Justice) said Scott’s rights didn’t need to be honored and territory not really free state b/c Missouri Compromise unconstitutional, Court returns Scott to slavery and rules that congress cannot prohibit slavery in any fed. territory under any circumstances

Question 7

Frederick Douglass

Answer 7

former slave who became an effective abolitionist with an authenticity to his speeches unmatched by other antislavery voices

Question 8

Ulysses S. Grant

Answer 8

Re-elected president in 1872, lead general of the Union during the civil war, nominated by Republicans, made effort to end Plains Indian war by creating series of reservations where tribes could maintain traditions

Question 9

Henry Clay

Answer 9

senator from Kentucky, who ran for president five times until his death in 1852, a strong supporter of the American System, Speaker of the House of Representatives, known as “The Great Compromiser”, Outlined the Compromise of 1850

Question 10

Horace Mann

Answer 10

reformer who led a crusade to improve public education in America as secretary of Mass. Board of Education, established minimum school terms, formalized teacher training, made curriculum more secular in subjects

Question 11

John Brown

Answer 11

violent abolitionist who led revolt at Harper’s ferry

Question 12

John C. Calhoun

Answer 12

• chief spokesperson for states’ rights
• VP for Adams
• 1828: writes pamphlet arguing state CAN declare tariffs and fed. law null and void because since states have the authority to decide what was constitutional
• pro-slavery but also nationalist and supported the U.S. bank
• support for states causes rivalry b/t him and Jackson- source of nullification issue
• DID NOT support secession

Question 13

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Answer 13

a compromise law in 1854 that suspended the Missouri Compromise and introduced pop. sovereignty w/in Kansas and Nebraska, controversial, supported by President Pierce and not supported by Douglass

Question 14

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

Answer 14

A series of seven debates, argued the important issues of the day like popular sovereignty, the Lecompton Constitution and the Dred Scott decision. Douglas won these debates, but the Lincoln’s position in these debates helped him win in the 1860 presidential election.

Question 15

Manifest Destiny

Answer 15

set of ideas used to justify American expansion in the 1840’s, weaving together the rhetoric of economic necessity, racial superiority and national security, implied inevitability of U.S. continental expansion

Question 16

Mexican War

Answer 16

-Polk ordered Taylor to Louisiana-Texas Border during negotiations
==any mexican movement around Rio Grande=act of war
==Whigs oppose war
-most North mexico controlled by U.S.

Question 17

Mormons

Answer 17

mormon church founded by joseph smith in 1830 with headquarters in salt lake city, utah, religious group that emphasized moderation, saving, hard work, and risk-taking and encouraged polygamy

Question 18

Nat Turner

Answer 18

Slave from VA that led group of slaves to kill their slaves holders, caught and executed, slave states have stricter control on slave population.

Question 19

Pragmatism

Answer 19

a philosophical system, chiefly associated with William James, that deemphasized abstraction and assessed ideas and culturalpractices

Question 20

Railroads

Answer 20

most important innovation of 19th century, effective transportation network, more direct routes, greater speed, larger volumes of traffic- Transcontinental Railroad- Union Pacific rail line from California and the Central Pacific line connected with Chicago, Hudson River/NY Railroad, Penn Railroad

Question 21

Sam Houston

Answer 21

leader of the Texas revolutionaries, first president of Republic of Texas, later senator from Texas and ally of Andrew Jackson

Question 22

Second Great Awakening

Answer 22

series of religious revivals starting in 1801, based on Methodism and Baptism, stressed a religious philosophy of salvation through good deeds and tolerance for all Protestant sects, revivals attracted women, Blacks, and Native Americans, had effect on prison reform, the temperance movement, and abolitionism

Question 23

Shakers

Answer 23

united by community life, demanded celibacy (requirement that limited the community’s appeal and prevented increasing membership by childbirth)

Question 24

Steamboats

Answer 24

made travel from Europe safe and speedy with the “perfection” of this means of transportation

Question 25

Stephan A. Douglas

Answer 25

A moderate, who introduced the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854 and popularized the idea of popular sovereignty

Question 26

Temperance movement

Answer 26

created by evangelical Protestants in 1826, they followed Lyman Beecher in demanding total abstinence from alcohol, denounced the evil of drinking and promoted the expulsion of drinkers from church

Question 27

Texas Annexation

Answer 27

U.S. made Texas a state in 1845. Joint resolution - both houses of Congress supported annexation under Tyler, and he signed the bill shortly before leaving office.

Question 28

Transcendentalism

Answer 28

to search for a direct experience with the divine

Question 29

Whigs

Answer 29

political party formed in 1832 as opposition to Andrew Jackson led by Henry Clay, opposed strong president and wanted to recharter National Bank, supported American system, broke apart over slavery issue in 1850’s

Question 30

William Lloyd Garrison

Answer 30

most prominent abolitionist leader of the Antebellum period; published the antislavery newspaper The Liberator and founded American Anti-Slavery Society

Question 31

Zachary Taylor

Answer 31

military hero of Mexican war and the last Whig elected president (1848), death allowed supporters of Compromise of 1850 to pass through congress and Chester Arthur replaced him