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APUSH > APUSH 16-20 Terms > Flashcards

APUSH 16-20 Terms Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

Medicine Lodge Creek Treaty

A

1867 treaty b/t Comanches and U.S. army where Comanches agree to settle on a reservation

  • right to hunt on plains in OK
  • got govt. rations
  • expected to still hunt but govt. didn’t know this
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2
Q

Bosque Redondo

A
  • reservation in central NM where majority of Navajos and Mescalero Apaches confined during Civil War
  • complete failure
  • tribes didn’t cooperate
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3
Q

Ghost Dance

A
  • 1890 religious phenomenon/awakening in Lakota Sioux believing that if returned to traditional ways/ceremonies, whites would be driven from land
  • frightened whites and army sent to Pine Ridge investigating
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4
Q

Homestead Act

A

law passed by congress providing 160 acres of land free to anyone who would live on plot and farm for 5 years

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5
Q

Grant’s Peace Policy

A

effort to end Plains Indian war by creating series of reservations where tribes could maintain traditions

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6
Q

Dawes Act

A
  • 1887 law terminating tribal ownership of most reservation land and allocating some parcels to individual Indians while the remained was opened for white settlement
  • divided reservations into 160-acre tracts to be assigned to each family
  • could sell land like white neighbors
  • owners became U.S. citizens
  • pushed Indians to be farmers and join individualistic culture
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7
Q

Carlisle Indian School

A

boarding school for Native American children in Carlisle, PA to teach white ways and separate Indian children from tribal culture

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8
Q

Transcontinental Railroad

A

Union Pacific rail line from California and the Central Pacific line connected with Chicago and other eastern , first to allow train travel across all of the U.S.

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9
Q

Gilded Age

A

term applied to America in the late 1800’s that refers to the shallow display and worship of wealth characteristic of the period, named by Mark Twain

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10
Q

Panic of 1873

A

major economic downturn when Cooke went bankrupt making thousands lose jobs and took years to recover from damage

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11
Q

Horizontal integration

A

name of control over oil production and merger of competitors in the same industry

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12
Q

Vertical Integration

A

controlled all means of steel production from raw materials through sales, ownership of materials from ground up of a business and under one company

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13
Q

Stalwarts

A

faction who wanted party to stay true to earlier support for Reconstruction in the South and less connected to big-business interests

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14
Q

Mugwumps

A

crossover Reps who campaign for Dems

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15
Q

Pogroms

A

anti-jewish attacks that became common in Russia and govt. directed in tsarist russia, actively encouraged

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16
Q

Chinese Exclusion Act

A

a law passed byCongress in 1882 that prohibited Chinese immigration to the United States and was in effect until 1943

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17
Q

Melting pot

A

popular idea that immigrants quickly lost culture and language and “melted” into becoming just like other Americans

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18
Q

Sweatshops

A

large factories that bring together hundreds of workers to sew at fast pace for long hours, unfair and treated cruelly

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19
Q

New South

A
  • done apologizing for civil war and slavery
  • wanted to be left alone about race relations
  • ideology by elite southerners that was beginning of economic development
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20
Q

Niagara Movement

A

group organized in 1905 to promote racial integration, civil and political rights and equal access to economic opportunity- later helped create NAACP

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21
Q

Atlanta Compromise

A

A speech made by Washington in Atlanta that outlined the philosophy that blacks should focus on economic gains, go to school, learn skills, and work their way up the ladder and that Southern whites should help out to create an unresentful people.

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22
Q

NAACP

A

National Association of Colored People- interracial organization founded in 1910 to restore African-American rights

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23
Q

The Grange

A
  • national organization of farmers formed after civil war to promote rights and dignity of farmers
  • gather in Grange Halls to celebrate work and foster community- banded together
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24
Q

Agricultural wheel

A

organization of farmers more militant than the Grange in order to advance farmer’s finances

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25
Q

Farmers’ Alliance

A

broad mass movement in rural South and West encompassing several organizations and demanding reforms

26
Q

Colored Farmers’ National Alliance and Cooperative Union

A

organization of Southern black farmers formed in Texas in 1886 and helped launch populist party

27
Q

subtreasury system

A

proposal for unit in U.S. treasury dept. to own warehouses that would store farmer’s crops until prices rose

28
Q

People’s/Populist Party

A

founded at a convention in Cincinnati and formed to fight for rights of working people and regulation of railroads

29
Q

The Knights of Labor

A

labor union founded in Philadelphia in 1869, included skilled and unskilled workers of any race and gender

30
Q

American Foundation of Labor

A

labor org. formed in 1886 as federation of smaller elite craft unions- 50,000 members w/Samuel Gompers of cigar biz as head

31
Q

Haymarket

A

May 4, 1886: 40,000-60,000 Chicago workers strike in Haymarket Square for 8 hour work day

  • police went to end it but someone threw bomb harming 6 and killing 1 officer
  • anarchists and socialists blamed
32
Q

Coxey’s Army

A
  • Ohio businessman made plan to give work paving roads to unemployed
  • Coxey insisted congress should pay $1.50 per hour on 8 -hour days to these ppl and if not, they should march and demand action
  • Marched in May 1864 w/600 ppl. and were scattered by police
33
Q

United Mine Workers of America

A
  • new union in 1890 designed to bring together mine workers in Eastern half of U.S. in one org.
  • PA mine owners hire Pinkertons to infiltrate union and battle broke out
  • 1899- miners blew up Bunker Hill Mine
34
Q

Industrial Workers of the World

A

“Wobblies” organized in 1905 to make one “big union” to fight for different economic system favoring workers

35
Q

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

A

March 25, 1911- fire at factory and spread upwards but owners insisted everyone use one exit to prevent theft
-firefighters couldn’t reach higher floors so most jumped and fire escape collapsed

36
Q

Bread and Roses strike

A

spontaneous strike of workers in mills of Lawrence, MA in 1912

37
Q

Ludlow Massacre

A

1913- strike for better pay and hours lasted 14 months in coal mines in Ludlow, CO owned by Rockefeller- 30 ppl killed by militia troops

38
Q

Single Tax Movement

A
  • proposed 100% tax on any increase in the value of land or rents on land
  • said this would reduce the value and cost of land→ allow workers to turn to farming, which would create a labor shortage that inevitably raises wages and improve factory conditions
39
Q

Social Darwinism

A

dominant economic theory- the fittest and wealthiest survive/lead and the weak and poor deserve their fate and gov action is unable to alter this

40
Q

Muckraking journalists

A

journalism exposing economic, social, and political evils

41
Q

Tammany hall

A

Organization that ruled New York City’s political machine in the 19th century that was headed by Richard Croker

42
Q

Initiative

A

procedure in which citizens can introduce a subject for legislation through a petition signed by a certain number of votes

43
Q

Referendum

A

submission of a law, proposed or already in effect, to a direct popular vote for approval or rejection

44
Q

Recall

A

process of removing an official from office by popular vote, usually after using petitions to call for such a vote

45
Q

Women’s Christian Temperance Union

A

November 1874, 200 women from 17 states met in Cleveland, were determined to make temperance-abstinence from liquor-the key moral and political issue of the decade, empowered a generation of women who had been taught ladylike behavior meant quietly taking care of home and family and leaving politics to men

46
Q

Social Gospel

A

based on the idea that improving society was both the right thing for religious people to do, and indeed, God’s will
application of religious ethics to industrial conditions and thereby alleviating poverty, slums, and labor exploitation

47
Q

Sherman Antitrust Act

A

the first federal antitrust measure, passed in 1890; sought to promote economic competition by prohibiting business combinations in restraint of trade or commerce

48
Q

Pendleton Act

A

a law of 1883 that reformed the spoils system by prohibiting govt workers from making political contributions and by creating the Civil Service Commission to oversee their appointment on the basis of merit rather than politics

49
Q

New Freedom

A

Louis D. Brandeis, suggested that Wilson speak of a New Freedom, that would give people the greatest freedom by supply breaking up the great trusts and fostering competition at every level

50
Q

Federal Trade Commission

A

mandate to limit the growth and power of monopolies

51
Q

U.S. Imperialism

A

the economic, military and cultural influence of the United States on other countries.

52
Q

“the Constitution follows the flag”

A

argument that the rights of U.S. citizens should be extended to any people living in a territory conquered by the united states

53
Q

Roosevelt Corollary

A

policy asserting U.S. authority to intervene in the affairs of Latin American nations; an expansion of the Monroe Doctrine- to the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the U.S. had a right to intervene in any nation in the Americas that couldn’t manage it’s own affairs

54
Q

Gentlemen’s Agreement

A

A diplomatic agreement between U.S. and Japan curtailing, but not abolishing, Japanese immigration

55
Q

Great White Fleet

A

a fleet of 16 battleships sent around the world to Tokyo Bay by T.R. to show American strength and to promote good will, The ships were white instead of navy grey

56
Q

Dollar Diplomacy

A

the policy of using private investment in other nations to promote American diplomatic goals and business interests

57
Q

Committee on Public Information

A

government agency during WWI that sought to shape public opinion in support of the war effort through newspapers, pamphlets, speeches, films, and other media

58
Q

Sedition Act

A

broad law restricting criticism of America’s involvement in WWI or its govt, flag, military, taxes, or officials

59
Q

Espionage Act

A

law whose vague prohibition against obstructing the nation’s war effort was used to stop dissent and criticism during WWI

60
Q

Schenck v. United States

A

Justice Holmes’ claim that Congress could restrict speech if the words “are used in such circumstances and are of such a nature as to create and clear and present danger” when Schenck was convicted for mailing pamphlets urging potential army inductees to resist conscription

61
Q

Fourteen Points

A

proposed points outlining peace, American insisted on “open covenants of peace, openly arrived at”

APUSH (12 decks)

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