Period 2: Road to Rev (1700-1775)

Question 1

Grenville’s Acts

Answer 1

1764-65
Sugar act-increase duty on W. Indian sugar
Quartering act-colonies provide room and board for british soldiers
Stamp tax- all paper is taxed

Sig- E tries to take away economic “privileges” and make US pay for the war- colonies get mad about their “rights”! Repealed in 1766 with declaratory act

Question 2

Admirality courts

Answer 2

Offenders of sugar and stamp acts
Tried without a jury
Guilty until proven innocent
Colonists get v pissed

Question 3

Stamp act congress

Answer 3

27 delegates drew up a statement of grievances against king

Significance- unity among the colonies against Britain!

Question 4

Nonimportation agreements

Answer 4

Colonists unite together in common action to stop importing british goods such as woolen cloth

Mobilized all colonists and motivated them to take action

Question 5

Sons/daughters of Liberty

Answer 5

Groups of people who enforced the non importation acts with tarring and feathering, looted houses and hanged effigies of officials

Sig- colonists often use violence to protest

Question 6

Townshend acts

Answer 6

Charles townshend imposes light duty on glass, lead, paper, paint, and tea (all eventually repealed except tea)
Revenues used to pay royal governors and judges-> colonists get suspicious of them

Significance? Leads to increasing colonial restlessness, riots-> Boston massacre! Repealed in 1770

Question 7

Committees of correspondence

Answer 7

First one in Boston (sam Adams)
Spread spirit of resistance by exchanging letters
Soon inter colonial ones were created

Sig- useful in stimulating unified rebellion among the colonies and would evolve into american congress

Question 8

Boston tea party

Answer 8

1773
Bostonians (sons of Liberty) disguised as Indians boarded ships and threw tea into the sea
Tea=a unifying symbol bc everyone drinks it (rich and poor) and its a symbol of unnecessary british taxation

Question 9

Intolerable acts

Answer 9

1774
Meant to chastise Boston after tea party 
Closed Boston harbor
Restricted town meetings 
British officials could be tried in GB
GB soldiers can lodge anywhere

Sig- Other colonies send food and rally around Boston. First continental congress is set up to list grievances!

Question 10

Quebec act

Answer 10

Same time as intolerable acts
Allowed french to be catholic and continue with their customs of not representative assembly or trial by jury

Angers people who want the french land, anti-Catholics, and patriots who want people to have rights

Question 11

First continental congress

Answer 11

Met in Philly to discuss colonial grievances
55 men from 12 colonies

Sig: unifies colonies through socialization and creates the association

Question 12

The association

Answer 12

Established Complete boycott of British goods

Sig: not yet rebellion for independence, just protesting the taxes and promising to meet again if they’re not

Question 13

Republicanism and radical Whigs

Answer 13

Republicanism- Just society = citizens willingly subordinate to the common good (selflessness and good citizenship)
Opposed to aristocracy and monarchy

Radical Whigs
Warned citizens of “corruption” in the British monarchy and told citizens to be wary of threats to Liberty

Sig?? Colonists are on edge and have very different beliefs than Britain

Question 14

Paxton boys and regulator movement

Answer 14

Paxton- (Philly) protest Quaker oligarchy and lenience towards Indians
Regulator- (NC) small fight against coastal domination of land and trade

Sig- showed back county people rebelling against the coastals and Indians

Question 15

Molasses act

Answer 15

England bans North American trade with french West Indies

Sig: increases bribing and smuggling-> precursor to future english control and colonial resistance

Question 16

Jonathan Edwards

Answer 16

Intellectual pastor, “sinners in the hands of an angry God”

Sig: super stark sermons spark great awakening across the country and inspire George whitefield

Question 17

Great awakening

Answer 17

1730s-40s
An emotional religious revival among the colonies led by Jonathan Edwards and George whitefield

Sig: new denominations, undermined old clergy/ministers (old lights), new wave of missionary work, foundation of colleges, and unifying thing among all colonies! Also- undermining religious authority leads to undermining of wealthy elites authority

Question 18

John Peter zenger

Answer 18

Charged with libel against governor in his newspaper
Defended by a former indentured servant
Jurors declared not guilty

Sig: freedom of press and signifies opportunity in America

Question 19

Albany plan of union

Answer 19

1754
Suggested by Ben Franklin- inter colonial government and a system for recruiting troops and collecting taxes for common defense
Failed because the colonies were too proud

Set a precedent for later, more revolutionary congresses

Question 20

French and Indian war

Answer 20

1754-63
French and british conflicting trade post things in Ohio river valley (GW loses)
GB acquires all french land and tons of debt

British- american are disorderly and reluctant to defend frontier->taxes
Colonial- didnt like british troops, thought they were rude, and didn’t even get to spread westward BC of proclamation of 1763

Question 21

Pontiac’s rebellion

Answer 21

Indians destroy american forts and settlements
British send troops
Proclamation of 1763 prohibits colonists from settling west of Appalachian in order to appease the Indians

Question 22

Navigation acts

Answer 22

1650-73
Trade could only be carried on english or american ships
All goods into us had to go through England
Some goods could only be exported to England
Sig? Angered New England farmers and manufacturers, caused lots of smuggling bc it wasn’t really enforced

Question 23

Albany plan of union

Answer 23

Proposed intercolonial govt that would collect taxes for common defense
Failed bc colonies were too competitive & jealous