Period 1: 1491-1607 Flashcards
Mestizo
People of mixed Indian and european heritage
Represents blend of old world and new and mixed feelings of the Mexicans
Encomienda system
Gov. Gives Indians to colonists and the colonists protect and convert them
Sig:
Basically allowed the spanish to subjugate the native Americans without calling it slavery but also allowed lots of gold and silver to be mined, causing spanish inflation and sparking capitalism
Popés rebellion (1680)
Spanish settlers tried to concert New Mexican native Americans to Christianity, nas revolted and killed priests and settlers
Conquistadores
Spanish conquerors that explored America for the triple g’s
Sig: Capable of amazing discoveries but also horrendous cruelties against the native Americans
Valladolid debate
Las Casas vs sepulveda
Las Casas argues that NAs are people too, sepulveda says they are subhuman
Sig: represents the two major conflicting thoughts of spanish people at the time
Black legend
The stereotype that all spanish tortured, butchered, and infected Indians for gold
Noche triste
Aztecs attacked the Spanish, driving them out of tenochtitlan. Cortes laid seige to the city a year later
Treaty of Tordesillas
Split the new world in half for Spain and Portugal
Sig: the line was drawn by the pope, showing the religious influence on the new world
Iroquois federation
Advanced league of tribes with common landowning, political power shared between sexes, and an unwritten law code
Sig: shows how different the NA’s values of equality and generosity were from european classism
Columbian exchange
International commerce sparked by Columbus discovery of the new world
NW got: wheat, sugar, horses, smallpox, slave labor from Africa
OW got: gold, corn, potatoes, syphilis
Significance??
Marks the start of a global economic system and crops like sugar cane and potatoes would revolutionize economy and society. Also the extra money in Spain sparked capitalism and modern banking
Battle of acoma
Spaniards vs pueblos in New Mexico
Spanish severed one foot of each survivor
Led to popés rebellion
Roanoke island
Founded by Walter Raleigh in NC off coast of VA
Mysteriously vanished
Sig: English colonies are an embarrassment compared to Spain’s
Spanish Armada
Spanish big ships were defeated by smaller, maneuverable English ones
Sig: beginning of the end for Spain and start for English naval power, patriotism, and Protestantism
Primogeniture
Only eldest sons can inherit land
Sig: younger sons in England were super ambitious and became colonizers
Jamestown- how disaster and how success?
Disaster
Tons of disease and starvation
Gentlemen don’t know how to work
Powhatan wars
Success
Used slaves to grow super profitable tobacco
