PERIOD 2: 1607-1754

Question 1

During what years did the colonies develop?

Answer 1

From 1607 (the formation of Jamestown) to 1733 (Georgia) through document-grants given by the English monarchs.

Question 2

What were the three types of colonies?

Answer 2

1. Corporate colonies–> Like Jamestown, they were operated by joint-stock companies, at least early on.
2. Royal colonies–> Like Virginia after 1624, they were under the king’s direct rule.
3. Proprietary colonies–> Like Maryland and Pennsylvania, they were under the rule of people who were given charters of ownership by the kings.

Question 3

What form of government did English colonialism have?

Answer 3

The English used a representative government that held elections based on majority rule. They spoke on behalf of property owners and decided on taxes. Eventually, tensions rose with the king due to their want for independence.

Question 4

Who did the English defeat in 1588?

Answer 4

The Spanish Armada.

Question 5

How did the English attract settlers?

Answer 5

England’s population was increasing at a high rate, while the economy was reaching a depression. The appeal of Joint-stock companies was that they provided no risk.

Question 6

What problems occurred for early-Jamestown?

Answer 6

The swampy area led to settlers getting malaria or dysentery. Most of the first settlers were only there for gold or jewelers. Starvation was common whenever conflicts arose with Native Americans.

Question 7

Who found Jamestown?

Answer 7

Officially, Jamestown was founded by the Virginia company, which was owned by King James I in 1607.

Question 8

John Smith barely kept Jamestown functioning, who really helped it set sail and how?

Answer 8

5 years after the formation of Jamestown, John Rolfe would come along and introduce tobacco, a cash-crop that would benefit the economy for years to come.

Question 9

Was Jamestown successful?

Answer 9

I mean King James still took over by 1603 up until 1625.

Question 10

Who were the pilgrims?

Answer 10

The pilgrims, also known as seperatists, came from England to Holland to America on the Mayflower ship. They changed course from their original goal to Jamestown and decided to stop at Plymouth. Thanksgiving was basically when the natives and english had a big dinner after the Native Americans helped them adapt. They were religiously motivated against James I.

Question 11

Who were the puritans?

Answer 11

They were formed through the idea that the Church of England was capable of being purified. Charles I was out to get them so they got a charter for the Massachussets bay company in 1629.

Question 12

What area did John Winthrop and the puritans find? What would follow in the year 1630?

Answer 12

John and the gang found Boston, Massachusetts. Due to a civil war occuring in England during 1630, over 15,000 more settlers would join through an event known as the Great Migration.

Question 13

What was the first representative assembly in America (1619)?

Answer 13

The house of Burgesses.

Question 14

What was the Mayflower compact?

Answer 14

A consistution written by the pilgrims prioritizing majority vote.

Question 15

What was the first Proprietary colony (1632)?

Answer 15

Maryland, owned by Lord Baltimore as a reward for his noble catholicism.

Question 16

What was the Act of Toleration (1649)?

Answer 16

Lord Baltimore II would persuade the mostly protestant assebmly to grant religious freedom to all Christians. But, you know, anyone who denied Jesus’ existence was punished with death. Anyways, the protestants would end up revoluting over this for a bit during the late 1600’s.

Question 17

How did the english respond to worker shortage?

Answer 17

1. Indentured servitude 2. Headright system–> offering of land to immigrants), 3. African enslavement was introduced by the dutch in 1619 through ship transportation. Before the end of the 1660s, African kids could be granted freedom.

Question 18

What was Bacon’s rebellion?

Answer 18

Nathaniel Bacon, some dude, rebelled against Sir William Berkley’s authority of large plantations and mistreatment of small farms through raids and massacres on Native American tribes. (??? I don’t really get how that works either.) Mans even burned down Jamestown. Soon after though, he would die of dysentery, with the other rebels being executed.

Question 19

How was Rhode Island formed?

Answer 19

Roger Williams would come to Boston as a respected Puritan minister in 1631, but would soon get banished because he believed the conscience was higher than church authority. He finds Providence, recognizes Native rights, and allows Catholics, Quakers, and Jews to live there. He also found the first American baptist church.

Question 20

Who was Anne Hutchinson?

Answer 20

Anne Hutchinson originally was a Preacher for the colony of Massachuttes. Her antinomianism beliefs would lead to her banishment, where she would find Portsmouth in 1638. Things were going prettyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy well until she was killed by natives at Long Island. Anyways, Roger Williams would combine Providence and Portsmouth into Rhode Island.

Question 21

Connecticut’s formation?

Answer 21

Formed as a result of being unhappy with Massachussets rule. Thomas Hooker would lead a large group of Puritans to Hartford. This was followed by the writing of the Fundamental orders of Connecticut, which just gave limited self-governing, representative this that and electoral opportunities. It would also combine with John Davenport’s New Haven, which he discovered in 1637.

Question 22

New Hampshire formation?

Answer 22

It was just seperated by Boston on accord of King Charles II wanting a royal colony.

Question 23

What’s a halfway covenant (1660’s)?

Answer 23

It’s when one can become a partial church member. This was formed due to the fact that no new people were converting.

Question 24

What was the New England Confederation, and, why?

Answer 24

The New England Confederation was the military alliance between Massachussets bay, Connecticut, Plymouth, and New Haven. Since there was a civil war going on in England, every other European country and the Native Americans were against them. It would end in 1684 due to rivalries and the Monarch’s trying to gain back control.

Question 25

King Philip’s war?

Answer 25

King Philip united the Southern tribes of New England in order to attack the Northern area. Many deaths on both sides, New England won, and it would mark the halting of Native American resistance.

Question 26

The Carolinas

Answer 26

Charles II grants 8 nobles land in America, in 1729 it becomes the North and South Carolinas we know today.

Question 27

What was NC known for?

Answer 27

Tobacco farming with workers from Virginia and New England. Less slavery, would be known for their democratic views.

Question 28

What was SC known for?

Answer 28

Planters from England and Barbados. Fur trade, and rice was grown by enslaved africans.

Question 29

New York formation?

Answer 29

The english take the Dutch’s land but allow them to live freely there. Charles II would decide upon taxation, duties, and rent himself without a representative assembly. This would result in opposition from the English settlers, leading to the eventuallllll yield by Charles and civil rights and stuff being giving back again in 1683.

Question 30

New Jersey formation?

Answer 30

It was split by King James from New York for easier maintainance. He gave an East and West portion to Lord John Berkely and Sir George Carteret. To attract people they offered much land, granted religious freedoms, and set an assembly. After handing it to the Quakers, there was confusion on offical borders and things, so the crown just combined both places into New Jersey in 1702. (Royal colony.)

Question 31

Who were the Quakers?

Answer 31

Part of the religious society of friends. Believed in men and women equality, hated violence. Resistance to military service. “Authority in one’s soul.” Yeah, they were persecuted and jailed.

Question 32

Who was William Penn?

Answer 32

A young Quaker convert. His father was a Victorian admiral. Dad didn’t agree with him, but respected him enough to pass the moola. Generally speaking, the royal family owed Will’s father, and they gave that money to will through a grant for what would be known as Pennsylvania.

Question 33

What was “The Holy Experiment”?

Answer 33

It was Penn’s way of putting his citizen’s beliefs to the test. He wanted to provide refuge for Quakers and other persecuted people, so he made a Frame of Government (1682-83) and the Charter of Liberties, which allowed all immigrations and free worship. (1701.)

Question 34

Tell me more about William Penn…and Delaware.

Answer 34

Penn was a hands–on man, literally going back to England to plan the town he would create. He was fair to the Native Americans when purchasing land, and put up notices across Europe offering good land and religious freedoms. There were already Dutch and Swedish colonists ready to welcome the new settlers. As for the formation of Delaware, in 1702, after granting the lower three counties of Pennsylvania an assembly, I don’t know, Delaware kinda just formed into its own seperate thing. Though, PA still governed it until the revolution.

Question 35

Finally, please tell me about the formation of Georgia.

Answer 35

Financially supported by London, it was chartered in 1732. Meant to provide defense for South Carolina from Spanish Florida. Plus, there were lots of people back in good old England being imprisoned for debt, so they could be sent to the Americas for a fresh start. Savannah was the first town found/led by James Oglethorpe, and it was also hella strict. No rum or slavery. I mean the no slavery thing is definitely good, but wow, no drinks. Didin’t really thrive due to constant threat of Spanish attack. THOUGHHHHHH by 1752 it was taken over by the British govt. as a royal colony, and slowly grew from South Carolina plantations; was still the poorest colony.

Question 36

Remind me what Mercantilism is again???

Answer 36

Prioritizing trade, colonies, and wealth as a means for military and political strength. Although it was being used by Spanish and French parties, the English could only begin applying it after their civil war had ended. The idea was that trade should occur between the parent and secondary country to the point that it’s self-sufficient.

Question 37

What effect would the Navigations act have on colonies? (I doubt you have to remember what the act actually included.)

Answer 37

Mixed effects, great increase in English shipbuilding, tobacco moopoly for England, and ability for English military to protect colonies from French and Spanish. Downsides included: low prices being paid to Cheapasake farmers and high prices charged to colonists. Honestly, Mercantalism for these guys was so unecessary, since England was their main trading partner anyways.

Question 38

What did James II do?

Answer 38

Since he wanted a lot more royal control over the colonies (because they always do), he combined NY, NJ, and some others into “The Dominion of New England.” Everyone hated the governer there, Sir Edmund Andros, because he sucked. Applied the usual unfair taxation, revoking land titles, etc.

Question 39

What did people do in response to the Dominion of New England?

Answer 39

Obviously they rebelled during the Great Revolution of 1688 and gained back control. Still mercantalist, and people hated that.

Question 40

Why was slavery really big by 1750, especially in VA and SC?

Answer 40

1. Reduced migration, found them dependable, cheap.

Question 41

LASTLY (THANK GODDDD) Please explain the triangular trade.

Answer 41

Well, something to note is the main company which looked over slave trade: the Royal African Company. Later on merchants of New England would bring themselves into the monopoly too. New England to Africa brought rum, with hundreds of captive slaves in return. Then they would go through the middle passage to the West Indies on a dangerous voyage for sugarcane, with the sugarcane being brought back to the Americas for more rum.