Perineum: anal & urogenital triangles

Question 1

what is the anal triangle?

Answer 1

the posterior half of the perineum

Question 2

what is the anal triangle bounded by?

Answer 2

the coccyx, sacrotuberous ligaments and an imaginary line between the ischial tuberosities

Question 3

components of the anal triangle?

Answer 3

Anal aperture
External anal sphincter muscle
Two ischioanal fossae

Question 4

what is the anal aperture?

Answer 4

the opening of the anus

Question 5

what is the External anal sphincter muscle

Answer 5

voluntary muscle responsible for opening and closing the anus

Question 6

what are the Two ischioanal fossae?

Answer 6

paces located laterally to the anus

Question 7

where is the anal aperture located?

Answer 7

located centrally in the triangle with the ischioanal fossae either side

Question 8

what do the ischioanal fossae contain?

Answer 8

fat and connective tissue

Question 9

what is the function of the ischioanal fossae?

Answer 9

aid expansion of the anal canal during defecation

Question 10

where do the ischioanal fossae extend?

Answer 10

extend from the skin of the anal region inferiorly to the pelvic diaphragm superiorly

Question 11

what does the urogenital triangle comprise of?

Answer 11

the anterior half of the perineum

Question 12

what is the urogenital triangle bounded by?

Answer 12

the pubic symphysis, ischiopubic rami, and an imaginary line between the two ischial tuberosities

Question 13

what are the urogenital triangle associated with?

Answer 13

the structures of the urogenital system – the external genitalia and urethra

Question 14

brief structure of the urogenital triangle?

Answer 14

complex, with a number of fascial layers and pouches

Question 15

what is addition in the urogenital triangle that is not present in the anal triangle?

Answer 15

the urogenital triangle has an additional layer of strong deep fascia, known as the perineal membrane

Question 16

what does the perineal membrane contain?

Answer 16

pouches on its superior and inferior surfaces

Question 17

what are the different layers of the urogenital triangle? (deep to superficial)

Answer 17

Deep perineal pouch
Perineal membrane
Superficial perineal pouch
Deep perineal fascia
Superficial perineal fascia
Skin

Question 18

what is the deep perineal pouch?

Answer 18

A potential space between the pelvic floor superiorly, and the perineal membrane inferiorly

Question 19

what does the deep perineal pouch contain?

Answer 19

part of the urethra and the external urethral sphincter

Question 20

what else is contained within the deep perineal pouch in males?

Answer 20

the bulbourethral glands and the deep transverse perineal muscles

Question 21

what is the perineal membrane?

Answer 21

A layer of tough fascia

Question 22

what is the perineal membrane perforated by?

Answer 22

the urethra and vagina

Question 23

what is the role of the perineal membrane?

Answer 23

to provide attachment for the muscles of the superficial external genitalia, and to help support the pelvic viscera

Question 24

what is the superficial perineal pouch?

Answer 24

A potential space between the perineal membrane superiorly, and the perineal fascia inferiorly

Question 25

what does the superficial perineal pouch contain?

Answer 25

contains the erectile tissues that form the penis and clitoris, and three muscles

Question 26

what are the 3 muscles contained within the superficial perineal pouch?

Answer 26

the ischiocavernosus, bulbospongiosus and superficial transverse perineal muscles

Question 27

what else is located within the superficial perineal pouch aside from the erectile tissues that form the penis and clitoris, and three muscles?

Answer 27

The greater vestibular glands (Bartholin’s glands) are also located in the superficial perineal pouch

Question 28

what is the deep perineal fascia?

Answer 28

Fascia covering the superficial perineal muscles

Question 29

what is the superficial perineal fascia continuous with?

Answer 29

continuous with the superficial fascia of the abdominal wall

Question 30

how can the superficial perineal fascia be divided?

Answer 30

into superficial and deep layers

Question 31

what is the superficial layer of the superficial perineal fascia like in structure?

Answer 31

fatty in structure

Question 32

what does the superficial layer of the superficial perineal fascia form in women?

Answer 32

the labia majora and mons pubis in women

Question 33

which structures open out onto the skin?

Answer 33

The urethral and vaginal orifices open out onto the skin