Perineum

Question 1

what is the peritoneal ligament

Answer 1

is a double fold of peritoneum that connects viscera together or connects viscera to the abdominal wall.

Question 2

example of a peritoneal ligament and what does it do

Answer 2

hepatogastric ligament a portion of the lesser omentum, which connects the liver to the stomach.

Question 3

what is the peritoneaum and what does it do

Answer 3

a continuous membrane which lines the abdominal cavity and covers the abdominal organs (abdominal viscera).It acts to support the viscera, and provides pathways for blood vessels and lymph to travel to and from the viscera.

Question 4

The peritoneum consists of two layers that are continuous with each other: what are they called and desribe their mesothelium

Answer 4

the parietal peritoneum and the visceral peritoneum. Both types are made up of simple squamous epithelial cells called mesothelium.

Question 5

what does the parietal peritonum line and what is it derived from

Answer 5

the internal surface of the abdominopelvic wall. deerived from somatic mesoderm in the embryo.

Question 6

the parietal peritoneum receives the same somatic nerve supply as the region of the abdominal wall that it lines. what does this mean

Answer 6

pain from the parietal peritoneum is well localised. .

Question 7

what is the viscel peritoneum derived from>

Answer 7

derived from splanchnic mesoderm in the embryo.

Question 8

what does hte viseral peritoneum cover and how

Answer 8

visceral peritoneum invaginates to cover the majority of the abdominal viscera.

Question 9

The visceral peritoneum has the same autonomic nerve supply as the viscera it covers what does ithis mean

Answer 9

pain from the visceral peritoneum is poorly localised

Question 10

what is visceral peritoneum sensitive to

Answer 10

only sensitive to stretch and chemical irritation

Question 11

what is the parietal peritoneum sensitive to

Answer 11

parietal peritoneum is sensitive to pressure, pain, laceration and temperature

Question 12

Pain from the visceral peritoneum is referred to as dermatomes. what are these dermatones supplied by

Answer 12

the same sensory ganglia and spinal cord segments as the nerve fibres innervating the viscera.

Question 13

what is the peritoneal cavity

Answer 13

is a potential space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum. It normally contains only a small amount of lubricating fluid.

Question 14

what are intraperitoneal organs and give examples

Answer 14

Intraperitoneal organs are enveloped by visceral peritoneum, which covers the organ both anteriorly and posteriorly. Examples include the stomach, liver and spleen.

Question 15

what are retoperitoneal organs

Answer 15

Retroperitoneal organs are not associated with visceral peritoneum; they are only covered in parietal peritoneum, and that peritoneum only covers their anterior surface.

Question 16

what are the two types of retroperitoneal organs andwhat do they mean

Answer 16

Primarily retroperitoneal organs developed and remain outside of the parietal peritoneum. The oesophagus, rectum and kidneys are all primarily retroperitoneal.
Secondarily retroperitoneal organs were initially intraperitoneal, suspended by mesentery. Through the course of embryogenesis, they became retroperitoneal as their mesentery fused with the posterior abdominal wall. Thus, in adults, only their anterior surface is covered with peritoneum. Examples of secondarily retroperitoneal organs include the ascending and descending colon.

Question 17

SAD PUCKER what does it mean and stand for

Answer 17

S = Suprarenal (adrenal) Glands
A = Aorta/IVC
D =Duodenum (except the proximal 2cm, the duodenal cap)
P = Pancreas (except the tail)
U = Ureters
C = Colon (ascending and descending parts)
K = Kidneys
E = (O)esophagus
R = Rectum

Question 18

the peritoneum conveys neurovascular structures from the body wall to where

Answer 18

interperitoneal viscera.

Question 19

what is the mesentery

Answer 19

double layer of visceral peritoneum. It connects an intraperitoneal organ to (usually) the posterior abdominal wall. It provides a pathway for nerves, blood vessels and lymphatics to travel from the body wall to the viscera.

Question 20

what is the mesentary o fthe small intestine called

Answer 20

the mesentary

Question 21

how is other mesentary named

Answer 21

named according to the viscera it connects to

Question 22

what are the omenta

Answer 22

sheets of visceral peritoneum that extend from the stomach and proximal part of the duodenum to other abdominal organs.

Question 23

the greater omentum has a role in immunity and is sometimes referred to as what and why

Answer 23

‘abdominal policeman’ because it can migrate to infected viscera or to the site of surgical disturbance.

Question 24

how many layers of peritoneum does the greater omentum have

Answer 24

four layers of visceral peritoneum

Question 25

where does the greater omentum descend to nd from

Answer 25

from the greater curvature of the stomach and proximal part of the duodenum, then folds back up and attaches to the anterior surface of the transverse colon.

Question 26

how many layers of peritoneum does the lesser omentum have

Answer 26

double layer of visceral peritoneum,

Question 27

where does the kesser omentum descend to nd from

Answer 27

attaches from the lesser curvature of the stomach and the proximal part of the duodenum to the liver.

Question 28

what is the difference in size between greater and lesser omentum

Answer 28

less er is considerable smaller

Question 29

what two parts does the lesser ommentum cosist of. to inculde shame and content

Answer 29

the hepatogastric ligament (the flat, broad sheet) and the hepatoduodenal ligament (the free edge, containing the portal triad).