Gallblaer

Question 1

where is the gallbladder found

Answer 1

the right hypochondrial region of the abdomen.

Question 2

structure of the gallbladder

Answer 2

pear-shaped sac lies within a fossa formed between the inferior aspects of the right and quadrate lobes of the liver.

Question 3

primary function of the gallbladder

Answer 3

concentrate and store bile which is produced by the liver. As part of the gustatory response, the stored bile is then released from the gallbladder in response to cholecystokinin.

Question 4

what is the gallbladder in direct relation to?

Answer 4

o the visceral surface of the liver.

Question 5

what lies posterior to the gallbladder

Answer 5

transverse colon and the proximal duodenum.

Question 6

what lies inferiorly to the gallbladder

Answer 6

biliary tree and remaining parts of the duodenum.

Question 7

what anterior an superior to the gallbladder

Answer 7

inferior border of the liver and the anterior abdominal wall.

Question 8

what is the stroage capacity of the gallbladder

Answer 8

30-50ml

Question 9

descibe the parts of the gallbladder

Answer 9

Fundus – the rounded, distal portion of the gallbladder. It projects into the inferior surface of the liver in the mid-clavicular line.
Body – the largest part of the gallbladder. It lies adjacent to the posteroinferior aspect of the liver, transverse colon and superior part of the duodenum.
Neck – the gallbladder tapers to become continuous with the cystic duct, leading into the biliary tree.
The neck contains a mucosal fold, known as Hartmann’s Pouch. This is a common location for gallstones to become lodged, causing cholestasis.

Question 10

lymphatic drainage of the gallbladder

Answer 10

lymph from the gallbladder drains into the cystic lymph nodes, situated at the gallbladder neck.

The cystic nodes then empty into the hepatic lymph nodes, and ultimately, the coeliac lymph nodes

Question 11

nerve ineravation of tehe gallbladder parasympathetic

Answer 11

the vagus nerve delivers parasympathetic innervation. Parasympathetic stimulation produces contraction of the gallbladder, and the secretion of bile into the cystic duct due to relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi. The majority of this response however, is mediated by circulating cholecystokinin as part of the gustatory response.

Question 12

nerve ineravation of tehe gallbladder sympathetic

Answer 12

The coeliac plexus carries sympathetic and sensory fibres,

Question 13

nerve ineravation of tehe gallbladder sensory fibres

Answer 13

The coeliac plexus carries sympathetic and sensory fibres,

Question 14

veinous drainage of thee gallbladder

Answer 14

Venous drainage of the neck of the gallbladder is via the cystic veins, which drain directly into the portal vein. Venous drainage of the fundus and body of the gallbladder flows into the hepatic sinusoids.

Question 15

arterial supply of the gallbladder

Answer 15

The arterial supply to the gallbladder is via the cystic artery – a branch of the right hepatic artery (which itself is derived from the common hepatic artery, one of the three major branches of the coeliac trunk).

Question 16

what is the biliary tree

Answer 16

a series of gastrointestinal ducts allowing newly synthesised bile from the liver to be concentrated and stored in the gallbladder (prior to release into the duodenum).

Question 17

where is bile initially secreted from and where does it go from there (to end at the duodenum

Answer 17

bile is initially secreted from hepatocytes and drains from both lobes of the liver via canaliculi, intralobular ducts and collecting ducts into the left and right hepatic ducts. These ducts amalgamate to form the common hepatic duct, which runs alongside the hepatic vein.

As the common hepatic duct descends, it is joined by the cystic duct – which allows bile to flow in and out of the gallbladder for storage and release. At this point, the common hepatic duct and cystic duct combine to form the common bile duct.

The common bile duct descends and passes posteriorly to the first part of the duodenum and head of the pancreas. Here, it is joined by the main pancreatic duct, forming the hepatopancreatic ampulla (commonly known as the ampulla of Vater) – which then empties into the duod