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Anatomy Exam IV > Perineum > Flashcards

Perineum Flashcards

1
Q

Boundaries of perineum

A

coccyx
IT
pubis

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2
Q

THe anal canal is divided into upper and lower halves by what?

A

pectinate line

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3
Q

Upper half of anal canal

A

derived from hindgut endoderm
lined by columnar epithelium
contains anal columnes
innervated by autonomics

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4
Q

Arteries of upper anal canal

A 
superior rectal (off IMA)
middle rectal (off internal iliac)
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5
Q

vein of upper anal canal

A

superior rectal (drains into IMV)

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6
Q

lymphatics of upper anal canal

A

travel superiorly to inferior mesenteric nodes

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7
Q

lower half of anal canal

A

dervied from extoderm of proctoderm
lined by stratifed squamous epithelium
somatic innervation

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8
Q

arteries of lower anal canal

A

inferior rectal

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9
Q

vein of lower anal canal

A

inferior rectal

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10
Q

lymphatics of lower anal canal

A

travel inferiorly to superficial inguinal nodes

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11
Q

Internal anal sphnicter

A

smooth muscle
thickening of inner circular muscular at proximal end
involuntary

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12
Q

external anal sphicter

A

skeletal muscle
coluntary
innervated by inferior rectal

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13
Q

ischiorectal fossa

A

fat filled spaces lateral to anal canal

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14
Q

boundaries of ischiorectal fossa

A 
skin
levator ani
obturator internus
sacrotuberous and sacrospinus ligaments
deep transverse perineal muscles
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15
Q

contests of ischiorectal fossa

A

fat and connective tissue

pudendal canal

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16
Q

pudendal canal

A

fascial canal on lateral wall of fossa

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17
Q

contents of pudendal canal

A

pudendal nerve
internal pudenal a
internal pudenal v

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18
Q

pudendal n

A

exits pelvis via greater sciatic formane

enters perineum via lesser sciatic formation

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19
Q

branches of pudendal nerve

A

inferior rectal
dorsal nerve of penis of clitoris
perineal nerves

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20
Q

branches of internal pudenal a

A

inferior rectal

branches of penis or labia and clitoris

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21
Q

Superficial fascia (fatty layer) of urogenital triangle

A

continues with ischorectal fat

inabdomen called camper’s fascia

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22
Q

superficial fascia (fatty layer) of urogenital triangle in males

A

diminished fat in scrotum and penis

replaced by dartos muscle in skin of scrotum

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23
Q

superficial fascia (fatty layer) of urogenital triangle in females

A

makes up substances of fat in mons pubis and lavia majora

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24
Q

superficial fascia (membranous layer) (colles) of urogenital triangle

A

in abdomin called scarpa’s fascia

forms tuular sheath around penis and clitoris

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25
Q

superficial fascia (membranous layer) (colles) of urogenital triangle in males

A

attached to dartos muscle in scrotum

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26
Q

deep fascia of urogenital triangle

A

envelops muscles of peritnum
fused to suspensory ligament of penis or clitoris
in adbomen continous with fascia of external abdominal olbique and rectus sheath
continous with deep penile fascia (buck’s fasa)

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27
Q

male superficial perineal pouch

A

potential space between membranous/.colles fascia and perineal membrane

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28
Q

male deep perineal pouch

A

space between superior fascia of urogintal diagphram and perineal membrane (inferior fascia of UG diagphram)
easily ruptured

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29
Q

Contents of scrotum

A

testes
epididymis
spermatic cord

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30
Q

Membranous fascia (colles) attaches to and contains ______

A

dartos muscle

31
Q

dartos muscle

A

elevates testes a little (mostly by cremaster)
wrinkles/expands skin of scrotum
changes surface area
innervated by genital branch of genitofemoral

32
Q

in males tunic albuginea surrounds ____ and _____

A

corpora caverosa

corpus spongiosum

33
Q

Function of deep penile fascia

A

binds eretile bodies togheter

34
Q

root of penis

A

attached part of penis, located in superfical perineal puch `

35
Q

erectile tissue in males

A

bulb

right and left crura

36
Q

bulb

A

corpus spongioum

attached to perineal membrane

37
Q

right and left crura

A

corpus cavernosum

attaches to ischiopubic rami

38
Q

proximal spongy urethra

A

opens at extended urethra

39
Q

Muscles that cover bulb and crura

A

bulbospongiosus muscles

ischiocavernosus muscles

40
Q

bulbospongiosus muscles in males

A

paired muscles
attached via median tendinous raphe
cover bulb of penis
compress bulb when contracted

41
Q

What does bulbospongiosus aid with by compressing bulb

A

empty spongy urethra of residual urine/semen

erection

42
Q

ischiocavernosus muscles in males

A

paired muscles

cover right and left crura

43
Q

how does ischiocavernosus muscles help with erection

A

compression of crura and retarding venous return

44
Q

superficial transverse perineal muscles

A

arise from IT
insert into perineal body
fix the perineal body

45
Q

perineal

A

small fibrous mass inc enter of perineum

46
Q

What attaches at perineal

A

external anal sphincter
bulbospongiosus
transverse perineal muscles

47
Q

Membranous urethra

A

smallest/narrowest part

48
Q

external sphincter urethrae

A

muscle surround membranous urethra
voluntary
innervated by perineal branch of pudendal n

49
Q

bulborectal glands

A

ducts extend into superficial perineal pouch to enter spongy urethra
produce a few drops that cleanse urethra and provide lubricating fluids for sexual activity

50
Q

deep transverse perineal muscle

A

posterior to sphicter urethrae

extends from ischial rami to perineal body

51
Q

dorsal nerve of penis

A

from pudendal n

supplies skin of penis and glands penis

52
Q

branches internal pudendal a to the penis

A

deep a of penis

helicine branches

53
Q

helicine branches

A

open into cavernous spaces

coiled in flaccid penis

54
Q

What is inside labia

A

fat, smooth muscle and terminal part of round ligament

55
Q

What does the labia minor form

A

prepuse and frenulum

56
Q

vestibule

A

space between labia minora

57
Q

What does the vestibule contain

A

external meati of urethra
vagina
ducts of greater and lesser vestibular glands

58
Q

Root of clitoris

A

attached portion in superficial perineal pouch

59
Q

masses of erectile tissue in root of clitoris

A

bulb of vestibule

60
Q

2 parts of bulb of vestivule

A

surrounding vaginal orifice

urethral orifice

61
Q

Body of clitoris

A

proximal detached portion of clitoris

corpora cavernosa

62
Q

bulbospongiosus muscles in female

A

cover bulb of vestibule

compress deep dorsal vein of clit

63
Q

ischiocavernosus muscles in females

A

cover clitoris

assist in erection of clitoris

64
Q

greater vesticular glands

A

open into vestibule, posterolateral to vaginal opening

secreting lubricating mucus during sexual acitvity

65
Q

lesser vestibular glands

A

corresponds to prostate
open into vestibule, lateral to urethral orfice
secrete mucus into vesticule for distribution to labia and vestibule

66
Q

phimosis

A

foreskin can’t fully be retracted

can cause difficulity urinating and sex

67
Q

pudendal nerve blood

A

used during childbirth and vaginal sx

68
Q

internal urethral sphincter

A

only in males
smooth muscle at neck of bladder
prevents retrograde ejaculation into bladder
sympathetic

69
Q

external urethral sphincter

A

striated muscle, voluntary

prevents incontinence

70
Q

erection

A

parasymphatetic
pelic splanic nerves (S2-S4)
dilate helicine a, fill cavernous tissues w/ blood
bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus muscles help by compressing venous plesux

71
Q

emission

A

sympathetic (L1-L2)
move semen to prostatic urethra
peristalisis of ductus defens and seminal vesicles
prostatic contraction adds prostatic fluid
involves glands

72
Q

Glands involved in emission

A

seminal vesicles
prostate
bulbourethral gland

73
Q

Ejaculation

A

somatic (also autonomic)
expulsion of secretions and spermatozoa
effected by rythmic contractions of bulbospongious and ischiocavernosus muscles
pudental (S2-4)

74
Q

function of autonomics during ejaculation

A

parasympathetics contract urethral muscle

close internal urethral sphincter

Anatomy Exam IV (9 decks)

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