Anterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards by Natalie Slaughter

Function of abdominal wall

protect and stabilize abdominal contents
trunk rotation and flexion
maintain and control intra-abdominal pressure for parturition and defecation
oppose diaphragm during exhalation

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Umbilicus is at vertebral level ______ and innervated by _______

L3-L4

T10

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Inguinal ligament

tight function of fascial layers forming a shelf in which the spermatic cord (round ligament) rests

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What 3 bones make up the pelvis

ilium, ischium, pubis

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Layers of anterior abdominal wall from superior to deep

skin
subcutaneous fascia layers
muscular layers 
transversalis fascia
peritoneum

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Layers of the superficial fasica

camper’s fascia and scarpa’s fascia

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Camper’s fascia

adipose layer coursing w/nerves and vasculature

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Scarpa’s fascia

membranous fascial layer deep to camper’s

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Scarpa’s fascia becomes ______ in the scrotum and ______ in the perineum

Dartos, Colles

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What can happen with an injury to the urethra in a male patient?

Urine fills up the potential space between the scarpa’s fascia and aponeurosis of the external oblique

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4 major muscles of the abdominal wall

External oblique
Internal oblique
Rectus Abdominis
Transversus Abdominis

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Innervation of external oblique

thoraco-abdominal nerves (anterior rami of T7-T11)

subcostal nerves

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innervation of internal oblique

thoraco-abdominal nerves (anterior rami of T7-T11)

first lumbar nerve (L1)

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Action of transversus abdominus

compress and support abdominal viscera

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Innervation of transversus abdominus

thoraco-abdominal nerves (anterior rami of T7-T11)

first lumbar nerve (L1)

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action of rectus abdominus

flexes trunk (lumbar vertebra) 
compresses abdominal viscera
stablizes and controls pelvic tilt

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Innervation of rectus abdominus

thoraco-abdominal nerves (anterior rami of inferior 6 thoracic nerves)

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Tranversalis fascia

layer of fascia tha tlines the internal abdominal wall and forms the deep inguinal ring

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Parietal peritoneum

serous lining of peritoneum that produces serous fluid and lubricates the abdominal organs

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Innervation of parietal peritoneum

somatic body wall nerves

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What is the falciform ligament a remnant of?

ventral mesentery

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What is the round ligament a remnant of?

fetal umbilical vein

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What is the median umbilical fold a remnant of?

allantois and paraumbilical veins

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What are the medial umbilical folds a remnant of?

umbilical arteries

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What are the lateral umbilical folds a remnant of?

inferior epigastic arteries and veins

What is not present below arcuate line

no rectus sheath under rectus abdominis | no CT below muscle

_______ pierce the rectus abdominis and run through cavity underneath arcuate line

inferior epigastic arteries

Origin of thoraco-abdominal nerves (T7-T11)

continuation of lower intercostal nerves

Course of thoraco-abdominal nerves (T7-T11)

run between 2nd and 3rd layers of abdominal muscles, lateral and anterior cutaneous branches enter subcutaneous tissue

What do the thoraco-abdominal nerves innervate?

muscles of anterolateral wall and overlying skin

What is the origin of the subostal nerve (T12)

anterior ramus of T12 spinal nerve

What is the course of the subcostal nerve (T12)

inferior border of the 12th rib, then onto subumbilical abdominal wall

What does the subcostal nerve (t12) innervate?

muscles of anterolateral abdominal wall | oberlying skin superior to iliac crest and inferior to umbilicus

What is the origin of the ilioinguinal nerve (L1)

anterior ramus of L1 spinal nerve

What is the course of the ilioinguinal nerve (L1)

passes between 2nd and 3rd layers of abdominal muscles, then traverses inguinal canal

What does the ilioinguinal nerve (L1) innervate?

skin of scrotum or labia majus and mons pubis and adjacane tmedial aspect of thigh most inferior interal oblique and transversus abdominus

What is the origin of the musculophrenic a

internal thoracic a

What is the course of the musculophrenic a

descends along costal margin

WHat does the musculophrenic a oxygenate

abdominal wall of hypochondriac region anterolateral diaphram

What is the origin of the superior epigastric a

internal thoracic a

What is the course of the epigastric a

descends in rectus sheath deep to rectus abdominus

What does the superior epigastric a oxygenate

rectus abdominus and superior part of anterolateral wall

What is the origin of the subcostal a

aorta

What is the course of the subostal a

beyond ribs to descend in abdominal wall between internal oblique and transversus abdomiinus

What does the subostal a oxygenate?

lateral region of abdominal wall

What is the origin of the inferior epigastric a

external iliac a

What is the course of the inferior epigastric a

run superiorly and enters rectus sheath, runs deep to rectus abdominus

What does the inferior epigastric a oxygenate

rectus abdominus and medial part of anterolateral abdominal wall

What is the origin of the deep circumflex iliac a

external iliac a

What is the course of the deep circumflex iliac a

run on deep aspect of anterior abdominal wall, parallel to inguinal ligament

What does the deep circumflex iliac a oxygenate

superficial abdominal wall of inguinal region and adjacent anterior thigh

What is the origin of the superifical epigastric a

femoral a

What is the course of the superficial epigastric a

run in superficial fascia toward umbilicus

What does the superficial epigastric a oxygenate

subcutaneous tissue ans skin over pubic and inferior umbilical region

Which arteries anastomoses with the aorta

posterior intercostals posterior subcostal lumbar arteries

What arteries anatomose with the internal thoracic

superior epigastric | muscolophrenic to anterior intercostals

What arteries anatomose with the external iliac a

inferior epigastric | deep circumflex iliac

What arteries anatomose with the femoral a

superficial epigastric | superficial circumflex iliac

When are the axillary lymph nodes enlarged?

if ailment is above the transumbilical plane

When are the superifical inguinal lymph nodes enlarged?

if ailment is below the transumbilical plan

A subcostal surgical incision may mean

gall bladder surgery

A median (linea abla) surgical incision may mean

surgery to get to transverse colon and small intestine

Paramedian surgical incision may mean

they went retracted muscle to one side

A gridiron (through muscle layers at McBurney point) surgical incision may mean

appendectomy

A transverse surgical incision may mean

ovary surgery

A suprapubic surgical incision may mean

hysterectomy

Are organs sensitive to pain?

_____ nerves associate with nerves in abdomen and manifest ________

splanchnic | feelings and pain