Anterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards
Function of abdominal wall
- protect and stabilize abdominal contents
- trunk rotation and flexion
- maintain and control intra-abdominal pressure for parturition and defecation
- oppose diaphragm during exhalation
Umbilicus is at vertebral level ______ and innervated by _______
L3-L4
T10
Inguinal ligament
tight function of fascial layers forming a shelf in which the spermatic cord (round ligament) rests
What 3 bones make up the pelvis
ilium, ischium, pubis
Layers of anterior abdominal wall from superior to deep
skin subcutaneous fascia layers muscular layers transversalis fascia peritoneum
Layers of the superficial fasica
camper’s fascia and scarpa’s fascia
Camper’s fascia
adipose layer coursing w/nerves and vasculature
Scarpa’s fascia
membranous fascial layer deep to camper’s
Scarpa’s fascia becomes ______ in the scrotum and ______ in the perineum
Dartos, Colles
What can happen with an injury to the urethra in a male patient?
Urine fills up the potential space between the scarpa’s fascia and aponeurosis of the external oblique
4 major muscles of the abdominal wall
External oblique
Internal oblique
Rectus Abdominis
Transversus Abdominis
Innervation of external oblique
thoraco-abdominal nerves (anterior rami of T7-T11)
subcostal nerves
innervation of internal oblique
thoraco-abdominal nerves (anterior rami of T7-T11)
first lumbar nerve (L1)
Action of transversus abdominus
compress and support abdominal viscera
Innervation of transversus abdominus
thoraco-abdominal nerves (anterior rami of T7-T11)
first lumbar nerve (L1)
action of rectus abdominus
flexes trunk (lumbar vertebra) compresses abdominal viscera stablizes and controls pelvic tilt
Innervation of rectus abdominus
thoraco-abdominal nerves (anterior rami of inferior 6 thoracic nerves)
Tranversalis fascia
layer of fascia tha tlines the internal abdominal wall and forms the deep inguinal ring
Parietal peritoneum
serous lining of peritoneum that produces serous fluid and lubricates the abdominal organs
Innervation of parietal peritoneum
somatic body wall nerves
What is the falciform ligament a remnant of?
ventral mesentery
What is the round ligament a remnant of?
fetal umbilical vein
What is the median umbilical fold a remnant of?
allantois and paraumbilical veins
What are the medial umbilical folds a remnant of?
umbilical arteries
What are the lateral umbilical folds a remnant of?
inferior epigastic arteries and veins
What is not present below arcuate line
no rectus sheath under rectus abdominis
no CT below muscle
_______ pierce the rectus abdominis and run through cavity underneath arcuate line
inferior epigastic arteries
Origin of thoraco-abdominal nerves (T7-T11)
continuation of lower intercostal nerves
Course of thoraco-abdominal nerves (T7-T11)
run between 2nd and 3rd layers of abdominal muscles, lateral and anterior cutaneous branches enter subcutaneous tissue
What do the thoraco-abdominal nerves innervate?
muscles of anterolateral wall and overlying skin
What is the origin of the subostal nerve (T12)
anterior ramus of T12 spinal nerve
What is the course of the subcostal nerve (T12)
inferior border of the 12th rib, then onto subumbilical abdominal wall
What does the subcostal nerve (t12) innervate?
muscles of anterolateral abdominal wall
oberlying skin superior to iliac crest and inferior to umbilicus
What is the origin of the ilioinguinal nerve (L1)
anterior ramus of L1 spinal nerve
What is the course of the ilioinguinal nerve (L1)
passes between 2nd and 3rd layers of abdominal muscles, then traverses inguinal canal
What does the ilioinguinal nerve (L1) innervate?
skin of scrotum or labia majus and mons pubis and adjacane tmedial aspect of thigh
most inferior interal oblique and transversus abdominus
What is the origin of the musculophrenic a
internal thoracic a
What is the course of the musculophrenic a
descends along costal margin
WHat does the musculophrenic a oxygenate
abdominal wall of hypochondriac region
anterolateral
diaphram
What is the origin of the superior epigastric a
internal thoracic a
What is the course of the epigastric a
descends in rectus sheath deep to rectus abdominus
What does the superior epigastric a oxygenate
rectus abdominus and superior part of anterolateral wall
What is the origin of the subcostal a
aorta
What is the course of the subostal a
beyond ribs to descend in abdominal wall between internal oblique and transversus abdomiinus
What does the subostal a oxygenate?
lateral region of abdominal wall
What is the origin of the inferior epigastric a
external iliac a
What is the course of the inferior epigastric a
run superiorly and enters rectus sheath, runs deep to rectus abdominus
What does the inferior epigastric a oxygenate
rectus abdominus and medial part of anterolateral abdominal wall
What is the origin of the deep circumflex iliac a
external iliac a
What is the course of the deep circumflex iliac a
run on deep aspect of anterior abdominal wall, parallel to inguinal ligament
What does the deep circumflex iliac a oxygenate
superficial abdominal wall of inguinal region and adjacent anterior thigh
What is the origin of the superifical epigastric a
femoral a
What is the course of the superficial epigastric a
run in superficial fascia toward umbilicus
What does the superficial epigastric a oxygenate
subcutaneous tissue ans skin over pubic and inferior umbilical region
Which arteries anastomoses with the aorta
posterior intercostals
posterior subcostal
lumbar arteries
What arteries anatomose with the internal thoracic
superior epigastric
muscolophrenic to anterior intercostals
What arteries anatomose with the external iliac a
inferior epigastric
deep circumflex iliac
What arteries anatomose with the femoral a
superficial epigastric
superficial circumflex iliac
When are the axillary lymph nodes enlarged?
if ailment is above the transumbilical plane
When are the superifical inguinal lymph nodes enlarged?
if ailment is below the transumbilical plan
A subcostal surgical incision may mean
gall bladder surgery
A median (linea abla) surgical incision may mean
surgery to get to transverse colon and small intestine
Paramedian surgical incision may mean
they went retracted muscle to one side
A gridiron (through muscle layers at McBurney point) surgical incision may mean
appendectomy
A transverse surgical incision may mean
ovary surgery
A suprapubic surgical incision may mean
hysterectomy
Are organs sensitive to pain?
no
_____ nerves associate with nerves in abdomen and manifest ________
splanchnic
feelings and pain
