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2020 MHS Anatomy unit 2 > Perineum 2 of 2 > Flashcards

Perineum 2 of 2 Flashcards

1
Q

located betwen the pelvic diaphragm and theperineal membrane

A
  1. sking
  2. superficial fascia
    1. fatty layer
    2. membranous layer(colle’s fascia)
  3. superficial perineal pouch
    1. ​located between colle’s fasica nad the perineal membrane
    2. anchors external genitalia
  4. perineal membrane
  5. deep perineal pouch
    1. ​located between the pelvic diaphragm and the perineal menbrane
    2. includes external urethral sphincter
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2
Q

included in the external urethral sphincter

A
  1. sking
  2. superficial fascia
    1. fatty layer
    2. membranous layer(colle’s fascia)
  3. superficial perineal pouch
    1. ​located between colle’s fasica nad the perineal membrane
    2. anchors external genitalia
  4. perineal membrane
  5. deep perineal pouch
    1. ​located between the pelvic diaphragm and the perineal menbrane
    2. includes external urethral sphincter
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3
Q

located between the colles’ fascia and the perineal membrane

A
  1. sking
  2. superficial fascia
    1. fatty layer
    2. membranous layer(colle’s fascia)
  3. superficial perineal pouch
    1. ​located between colle’s fasica nad the perineal membrane
    2. anchors external genitalia
  4. perineal membrane
  5. deep perineal pouch
    1. ​located between the pelvic diaphragm and the perineal menbrane
    2. includes external urethral sphincter
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4
Q

anchors external genitalia

A
  1. sking
  2. superficial fascia
    1. fatty layer
    2. membranous layer(colle’s fascia)
  3. superficial perineal pouch
    1. ​located between colle’s fasica nad the perineal membrane
    2. anchors external genitalia
  4. perineal membrane
  5. deep perineal pouch
    1. ​located between the pelvic diaphragm and the perineal menbrane
    2. includes external urethral sphincter
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5
Q

indicate the layers of the urogenital trangle

A
  1. sking
  2. superficial fascia
    1. fatty layer
    2. membranous layer(colle’s fascia)
  3. superficial perineal pouch
    1. ​located between colle’s fasica nad the perineal membrane
    2. anchors external genitalia
  4. perineal membrane
  5. deep perineal pouch
    1. ​located between the pelvic diaphragm and the perineal menbrane
    2. includes external urethral sphincter
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6
Q

colle’s fascia

A

membranous layer of the superficial fascia

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7
Q

What innervates the scrotum

A
  1. scrotum
    1. 2 layer
      1. pigmented skin layer
      2. Dartos muscle/fascia
        1. continuous with scarpas fascia, fat free
        2. smooth muscle fibers allow for cremaster reflex
        3. adjacent to external spermatic fascia
    2. septum
      1. 2 internal compartments, each containing teste
    3. innervation
      1. iliolinguinal
      2. posterior scrotal
    4. vasculature
      1. cremaster artery
      2. internal and external pudendal
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8
Q

what layer is continuous with the scarpas fascia and contains smoothe muscle allowing for the cremaster reflex

A
  1. scrotum
    1. 2 layer
      1. pigmented skin layer
      2. Dartos muscle/fascia
        1. continuous with scarpas fascia, fat free
        2. smooth muscle fibers allow for cremaster reflex
        3. adjacent to external spermatic fascia
    2. septum
      1. 2 internal compartments, each containing teste
    3. innervation
      1. iliolinguinal
      2. posterior scrotal
    4. vasculature
      1. cremaster artery
      2. internal and external pudendal
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9
Q

describe the layers and contents of the scrotum

A
  1. scrotum
    1. 2 layer
      1. pigmented skin layer
      2. Dartos muscle/fascia
        1. continuous with scarpas fascia, fat free
        2. smooth muscle fibers allow for cremaster reflex
        3. adjacent to external spermatic fascia
    2. septum
      1. 2 internal compartments, each containing teste
    3. innervation
      1. iliolinguinal
      2. posterior scrotal
    4. vasculature
      1. cremaster artery
      2. internal and external pudendal
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10
Q

abundant in the labia majora and mons pubis, but non in scrotum

A
  1. fatty layer
    1. just below skin
    2. continuous with camper’s fascia
    3. abundant in labia majora and mons pubis, non in scrotum
  2. colles’ fascia
    1. attaches to perineal membran and cover urogenital traingel
      1. not anal triangle
    2. continues to line scrotum (dartos fascia) or labia
    3. extends around penis (superficial penile fascia)
    4. continuous with Scarpas fascia of anterior abdominal wall
    5. attaches to fascia lata of thighjust distal to inguinal ligament
      1. NO CONTINUATION WITH LOWER LIMB
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11
Q

in the urogenital triangle but NONE IN THE anal triangle

A
  1. fatty layer
    1. just below skin
    2. continuous with camper’s fascia
    3. abundant in labia majora and mons pubis, non in scrotum
  2. colles’ fascia
    1. attaches to perineal membran and cover urogenital traingel
      1. not anal triangle
    2. continues to line scrotum (dartos fascia) or labia
    3. extends around penis (superficial penile fascia)
    4. continuous with Scarpas fascia of anterior abdominal wall
    5. attaches to fascia lata of thighjust distal to inguinal ligament
      1. NO CONTINUATION WITH LOWER LIMB
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12
Q

What lines the scrotum or labia?

A
  1. fatty layer
    1. just below skin
    2. continuous with camper’s fascia
    3. abundant in labia majora and mons pubis, non in scrotum
  2. colles’ fascia
    1. attaches to perineal membran and cover urogenital traingel
      1. not anal triangle
    2. continues to line scrotum (dartos fascia) or labia
    3. extends around penis (superficial penile fascia)
    4. continuous with Scarpas fascia of anterior abdominal wall
    5. attaches to fascia lata of thighjust distal to inguinal ligament
      1. NO CONTINUATION WITH LOWER LIMB
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13
Q

extends around scrotum, penis, and is continuous with scarpas fascia

A
  1. fatty layer
    1. just below skin
    2. continuous with camper’s fascia
    3. abundant in labia majora and mons pubis, non in scrotum
  2. colles’ fascia
    1. attaches to perineal membran and cover urogenital traingel
      1. not anal triangle
    2. continues to line scrotum (dartos fascia) or labia
    3. extends around penis (superficial penile fascia)
    4. continuous with Scarpas fascia of anterior abdominal wall
    5. attaches to fascia lata of thighjust distal to inguinal ligament
      1. NO CONTINUATION WITH LOWER LIMB
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14
Q

not continuous with the lower limb.

A
  1. fatty layer
    1. just below skin
    2. continuous with camper’s fascia
    3. abundant in labia majora and mons pubis, non in scrotum
  2. colles’ fascia
    1. attaches to perineal membran and cover urogenital traingel
      1. not anal triangle
    2. continues to line scrotum (dartos fascia) or labia
    3. extends around penis (superficial penile fascia)
    4. continuous with Scarpas fascia of anterior abdominal wall
    5. attaches to fascia lata of thighjust distal to inguinal ligament
      1. NO CONTINUATION WITH LOWER LIMB
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15
Q

Just below the skin of the urogenital triangle, continuous with the campers fascia

A
  1. fatty layer
    1. just below skin
    2. continuous with camper’s fascia
    3. abundant in labia majora and mons pubis, non in scrotum
  2. colles’ fascia
    1. attaches to perineal membran and cover urogenital traingel
      1. not anal triangle
    2. continues to line scrotum (dartos fascia) or labia
    3. extends around penis (superficial penile fascia)
    4. continuous with Scarpas fascia of anterior abdominal wall
    5. attaches to fascia lata of thighjust distal to inguinal ligament
      1. NO CONTINUATION WITH LOWER LIMB
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16
Q

a patient has a catheter removed and during the procedure, the spongy urethra was damaged. What can potentially happen and where could it spread?

A

extravation of urine after rupture of spongy urethra due to injury of bulb of penis

  1. urine passes into the superficial perineal space
  2. under dartos fascia of scrotum
  3. around penis
  4. spreads upward into the anterior abdominal wall, under scarpas fascia
  5. DOES NOT go into the lower limb, blocked by deep fascia

infection or fluids can also move from superficial pouch to abdomen

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17
Q

deep fascia that sparates deep perineal pouch from superficial perineal pouch

A

perineal

  1. membrane
    1. deep fascia that aeparates deep perineal pouch from superficial perineal pouch
    2. site of attachment for external genitalia
    3. support of pelvic strctures
  2. body
    1. attachment point for many muscles and fascial structures of the pelvis and perinems
      1. perineal membran
      2. bulbospongiosus
      3. deep transverse muscle
      4. superficial transverse muscle
      5. exernal anal sphinter
      6. levator ani
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18
Q

attachment for external genitalia

A

perineal

  1. membrane
    1. deep fascia that aeparates deep perineal pouch from superficial perineal pouch
    2. site of attachment for external genitalia
    3. support of pelvic strctures
  2. body
    1. attachment point for many muscles and fascial structures of the pelvis and perinems
      1. perineal membran
      2. bulbospongiosus
      3. deep transverse muscle
      4. superficial transverse muscle
      5. exernal anal sphinter
      6. levator ani
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19
Q

supports pelvic structures superficial to the muscles in the pelvic outlet

A

perineal

  1. membrane
    1. deep fascia that aeparates deep perineal pouch from superficial perineal pouch
    2. site of attachment for external genitalia
    3. support of pelvic strctures
  2. body
    1. attachment point for many muscles and fascial structures of the pelvis and perinems
      1. perineal membran
      2. bulbospongiosus
      3. deep transverse muscle
      4. superficial transverse muscle
      5. exernal anal sphinter
      6. levator ani
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20
Q

attachement point for many muscles and fascial structures

A

perineal

  1. membrane
    1. deep fascia that aeparates deep perineal pouch from superficial perineal pouch
    2. site of attachment for external genitalia
    3. support of pelvic strctures
  2. body
    1. attachment point for many muscles and fascial structures of the pelvis and perinems
      1. perineal membran
      2. bulbospongiosus
      3. deep transverse muscle
      4. superficial transverse muscle
      5. exernal anal sphinter
      6. levator ani
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21
Q

helps to support pelvic viscera

A

perineal body is larger in females and helps to provide support for pelvic viscera

  1. if overstretched or torn during childbirth organ prolapse my occur
    1. the uerus, bladder or rectum may sag into the vagina
  2. response: episiotomy
    1. may be surgically incised during childbirth to prevent jagged tears and easier repair and healing
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22
Q

if damaged or overstretched during child birth what tcan happen?

A

perineal body is larger in females and helps to provide support for pelvic viscera

  1. if overstretched or torn during childbirth organ prolapse my occur
    1. the uerus, bladder or rectum may sag into the vagina
  2. response: episiotomy
    1. may be surgically incised during childbirth to prevent jagged tears and easier repair and healing
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23
Q

patient is struggling during child birth to pass the baby vaginally, what may be done to prevent loss of child and prevent organ prolapse in the future?

A

perineal body is larger in females and helps to provide support for pelvic viscera

  1. if overstretched or torn during childbirth organ prolapse my occur
    1. the uerus, bladder or rectum may sag into the vagina
  2. response: episiotomy
    1. may be surgically incised during childbirth to prevent jagged tears and easier repair and healing
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24
Q

describe the contents of the supreficial perineal pouch that males and femals share

A
  1. male
    1. root of the penis (bulb and crura)
    2. probimal protino of spongy urethra
    3. bulbospongiosus, ischiocavernosus, superficial transverse perineal muscle
    4. deep perineal branches of internal pudendal vessels and pudendal nerve
  2. female
    1. crura of the clitoris and bulb of vestibule
    2. most distal part of the urethra and lower vagina
    3. bulbospongiosus, ischocavernosus, superfical transverse perineal muscle
    4. greater bestibular glands (barthoin’s glands and skenes glands
    5. deep perineal branches of inter pudendal vessels and pudendal nerve
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25
Q

root of the penis ( bulb and crura ) are found here

A
  1. male
    1. root of the penis (bulb and crura)
    2. probimal protino of spongy urethra
    3. bulbospongiosus, ischiocavernosus, superficial transverse perineal muscle
    4. deep perineal branches of internal pudendal vessels and pudendal nerve
  2. female
    1. crura of the clitoris and bulb of vestibule
    2. most distal part of the urethra and lower vagina
    3. bulbospongiosus, ischocavernosus, superfical transverse perineal muscle
    4. greater bestibular glands (barthoin’s glands and skenes glands
    5. deep perineal branches of inter pudendal vessels and pudendal nerve
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26
Q

crura of the clitoris and bulb of vestibule are found here

A
  1. male
    1. root of the penis (bulb and crura)
    2. probimal protino of spongy urethra
    3. bulbospongiosus, ischiocavernosus, superficial transverse perineal muscle
    4. deep perineal branches of internal pudendal vessels and pudendal nerve
  2. female
    1. crura of the clitoris and bulb of vestibule
    2. most distal part of the urethra and lower vagina
    3. bulbospongiosus, ischocavernosus, superfical transverse perineal muscle
    4. greater bestibular glands (barthoin’s glands and skenes glands
    5. deep perineal branches of inter pudendal vessels and pudendal nerve
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27
Q

What and where is this gland located to assist with produciung secretions during sex or arousal?

A
  1. male
    1. root of the penis (bulb and crura)
    2. probimal protino of spongy urethra
    3. bulbospongiosus, ischiocavernosus, superficial transverse perineal muscle
    4. deep perineal branches of internal pudendal vessels and pudendal nerve
  2. female
    1. crura of the clitoris and bulb of vestibule
    2. most distal part of the urethra and lower vagina
    3. bulbospongiosus, ischocavernosus, superfical transverse perineal muscle
    4. greater bestibular glands (barthoin’s glands and skenes glands
    5. deep perineal branches of inter pudendal vessels and pudendal nerve
28
Q

list the portion of the urethra found in the superfical perineal pouch

A
  1. male
    1. root of the penis (bulb and crura)
    2. probimal protino of spongy urethra
    3. bulbospongiosus, ischiocavernosus, superficial transverse perineal muscle
    4. deep perineal branches of internal pudendal vessels and pudendal nerve
  2. female
    1. crura of the clitoris and bulb of vestibule
    2. most distal part of the urethra and lower vagina
    3. bulbospongiosus, ischocavernosus, superfical transverse perineal muscle
    4. greater bestibular glands (barthoin’s glands and skenes glands
    5. deep perineal branches of inter pudendal vessels and pudendal nerve
29
Q

covers crura of penis. whats its function?

A

skeletal muscles innervated by deep perineal nerve

  1. These move blood from root to body of penis, by compressing outflow viens during erection (90% blood in corpora cavernosa) and support penis
    1. ischiocaverosus muscels
      1. covering the crura of the penis
    2. bulbospongiosus muscle
      1. covering the bulb of the penis and proximal corpus spongiosum of body
      2. pulsatative emission of sperm during ejacluation
  2. superficial transverse perineal muscles
    1. stabilize theperineal body, support viscera
30
Q

covers the bulb of the penis. Whats it function?

A

skeletal muscles innervated by deep perineal nerve

  1. These move blood from root to body of penis, by compressing outflow viens during erection (90% blood in corpora cavernosa) and support penis
    1. ischiocaverosus muscels
      1. covering the crura of the penis
    2. bulbospongiosus muscle
      1. covering the bulb of the penis and proximal corpus spongiosum of body
      2. pulsatative emission of sperm during ejacluation
  2. superficial transverse perineal muscles
    1. stabilize theperineal body, support viscera
31
Q

what two muscles move blood from root to body of penis by compressing out flow of veins during erection?

A

skeletal muscles innervated by deep perineal nerve

  1. These move blood from root to body of penis, by compressing outflow viens during erection (90% blood in corpora cavernosa) and support penis
    1. ischiocaverosus muscels
      1. covering the crura of the penis
    2. bulbospongiosus muscle
      1. covering the bulb of the penis and proximal corpus spongiosum of body
      2. pulsatative emission of sperm during ejacluation
  2. superficial transverse perineal muscles
    1. stabilize theperineal body, support viscera
32
Q

stabilize the perineal body and support viscera

A

skeletal muscles innervated by deep perineal nerve

  1. These move blood from root to body of penis, by compressing outflow viens during erection (90% blood in corpora cavernosa) and support penis
    1. ischiocaverosus muscels
      1. covering the crura of the penis
    2. bulbospongiosus muscle
      1. covering the bulb of the penis and proximal corpus spongiosum of body
      2. pulsatative emission of sperm during ejacluation
  2. superficial transverse perineal muscles
    1. stabilize theperineal body, support viscera
33
Q

describe/diagram the superficial pouch of male erectile tissue

A

erectile tissues tha filled with blood during erection-PSNS GVE

  1. root of the penis
    1. bulb of the penis
      1. corpus spongiosum-exends in body of penis and glans
    2. crura of penis
      1. 2 corpora cavernosa (90% blodo during erecetion) that extends in body of penis
34
Q

what nerve fibers lead to erection? Describe the what tissue is involved

A

erectile tissues tha filled with blood during erection-PSNS GVE

  1. root of the penis
    1. bulb of the penis
      1. corpus spongiosum-exends in body of penis and glans
    2. crura of penis
      1. 2 corpora cavernosa (90% blodo during erecetion) that extends in body of penis
35
Q

bulb of the penis and ___ of the penis are involved in what function?

A

erectile tissues tha filled with blood during erection-PSNS GVE

  1. root of the penis
    1. bulb of the penis
      1. corpus spongiosum-exends in body of penis and glans
    2. crura of penis
      1. 2 corpora cavernosa (90% blodo during erecetion) that extends in body of penis
36
Q

fascia that is deep to the skin of the penis?

A

facia and blood supply of the penis

  1. has a covering of skin, superficial fascia, and deep(Bucks) fascia
  2. has a superficial dorsal veins of the penis in superficial fascia
  3. has a deep dorsal vein
  4. has a dorsal artery
  5. has a dorsal nerve (GSA)
  6. each corpus cavcernosum contains a central deep srtery of the penis
37
Q

vasculature and innercvation of the penis

A

facia and blood supply of the penis

  1. has a covering of skin, superficial fascia, and deep(Bucks) fascia
  2. has a superficial dorsal veins of the penis in superficial fascia
  3. has a deep dorsal vein
  4. has a dorsal artery
  5. has a dorsal nerve (GSA)
  6. each corpus cavcernosum contains a central deep srtery of the penis
38
Q

each corpus canvernosum contains a central….What is its purpose?

A

facia and blood supply of the penis

  1. has a covering of skin, superficial fascia, and deep(Bucks) fascia
  2. has a superficial dorsal veins of the penis in superficial fascia
  3. has a deep dorsal vein
  4. has a dorsal artery
  5. has a dorsal nerve (GSA)
  6. each corpus cavcernosum contains a central deep srtery of the penis
39
Q

drain the prostatic plexus

A

facia and blood supply of the penis

  1. has a covering of skin, superficial fascia, and deep(Bucks) fascia
  2. has a superficial dorsal veins of the penis in superficial fascia
  3. has a deep dorsal vein
    1. drains the prostatic plexus
  4. has a dorsal artery
  5. has a dorsal nerve (GSA)
  6. each corpus cavcernosum contains a central deep srtery of the penis
40
Q

desceibe the steps involved in

  1. erection
  2. emission
  3. ejacluation
  4. remission
A

erection

  1. PSNS(GVE)-> dilation of arteries in corporus cavernosa
  2. pudendal nerve (GSE) ishiocavernosus and bulbospondiosus
    1. contract->compression on Veinous drainage
  3. pudendal (GSA) -arousal (tactile)

emission

  1. bulbospongiosum pulsatile contration(GVE-sympathetic)
  2. closure of internal urethral sphincter (high sympathetic tone)
  3. gland secrtion (PSNS-GVE)

ejaculation

  1. Somatic spinal reflex
    1. pudendal (GVA)-> S2/S4 provide sensory information about semen entering bulbous urethra
    2. contraction of ishiocaverosus and especially bulbospongiosus and pelvic diaphragm
    3. associated with female climax

remission

  1. constriction of arterial smooth muscles in corpora (sympathetic GVE)
  2. relaxation of bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus to allwo venous drainage
41
Q

lesion on the prostic plexus containing parasympathetic nerve can cause… explain

A

lesion of prostatic pelxus or cavernous nerve containing parasympathetic fivers responsive for increasing blood flow in the rectile tissue of penis cause impotence

ED can happen ins absence of autonomic nerve lesion

  1. compression of pudendal nerve (numbness: GVA neuralgia) or artery
  2. hypothalamic or endocrine disorder
  3. failure of autonomic stimulation
  4. arteriosclerosis
42
Q

a57 yr old patient is unable to maintain an erection. Observation of what will help in his diagnosis?

A

lesion of prostatic pelxus or cavernous nerve containing parasympathetic fivers responsive for increasing blood flow in the rectile tissue of penis cause impotence

ED can happen ins absence of autonomic nerve lesion

  1. compression of pudendal nerve (numbness: GVA neuralgia) or artery
  2. hypothalamic or endocrine disorder
  3. failure of autonomic stimulation
  4. arteriosclerosis
43
Q

pudendal nerve entrapment in males can cause what, with respect to reproduction? list other causative agents

A

lesion of prostatic pelxus or cavernous nerve containing parasympathetic fivers responsive for increasing blood flow in the rectile tissue of penis cause impotence

ED can happen ins absence of autonomic nerve lesion

  1. compression of pudendal nerve (numbness: GVA neuralgia) or artery
  2. hypothalamic or endocrine disorder
  3. failure of autonomic stimulation
  4. arteriosclerosis
44
Q

describe the three structures(not muscles) in the female superiical pouch and their function

A

erectile tissues that filled with blood during erection (PSNS GVE)

  1. glans clitoris
    1. ​attached to bulb by thin bands of erectile tissue, tip of body of clitoris
  2. bulb of the vestibule
    1. fixed part of corpus spongiosum, DO NOT CONTINUE IN BODY OF CLITORIS
    2. bulb and crura are attached to perineal membrane
  3. crurua of clitoris
    1. copora cavernosa that continue into the body of clitoris
    2. bulb and crura are attached to perineal membrane

associated glands

  1. greater vestibular (barholins glands)
    1. produce secretions during secual arousal, near vaginal opening
    2. can be a sire of infection with inflammation-bartholinits
  2. skenes (lesser vestibular) glands
    1. produce secretions during sexual arousal, near urethral opening
45
Q

fixed part of corpus spongiosum that does not continue in the body. What does it attach to?

A

erectile tissues that filled with blood during erection (PSNS GVE)

  1. glans clitoris
    1. ​attached to bulb by thin bands of erectile tissue, tip of body of clitoris
  2. bulb of the vestibule
    1. fixed part of corpus spongiosum, DO NOT CONTINUE IN BODY OF CLITORIS
    2. bulb and crura are attached to perineal membrane
  3. crurua of clitoris
    1. copora cavernosa that continue into the body of clitoris
    2. bulb and crura are attached to perineal membrane

associated glands

  1. greater vestibular (barholins glands)
    1. produce secretions during secual arousal, near vaginal opening
    2. can be a sire of infection with inflammation-bartholinits
  2. skenes (lesser vestibular) glands
    1. produce secretions during sexual arousal, near urethral opening
46
Q

corpora cavernosa that continue into the body of clitoris

A

erectile tissues that filled with blood during erection (PSNS GVE)

  1. glans clitoris
    1. ​attached to bulb by thin bands of erectile tissue, tip of body of clitoris
  2. bulb of the vestibule
    1. fixed part of corpus spongiosum, DO NOT CONTINUE IN BODY OF CLITORIS
    2. bulb and crura are attached to perineal membrane
  3. crurua of clitoris
    1. copora cavernosa that continue into the body of clitoris
    2. bulb and crura are attached to perineal membrane

associated glands

  1. greater vestibular (barholins glands)
    1. produce secretions during secual arousal, near vaginal opening
    2. can be a sire of infection with inflammation-bartholinits
  2. skenes (lesser vestibular) glands
    1. produce secretions during sexual arousal, near urethral opening
47
Q

Both of these generate secretions during sexual arousal but in different locations

A

erectile tissues that filled with blood during erection (PSNS GVE)

  1. glans clitoris
    1. ​attached to bulb by thin bands of erectile tissue, tip of body of clitoris
  2. bulb of the vestibule
    1. fixed part of corpus spongiosum, DO NOT CONTINUE IN BODY OF CLITORIS
    2. bulb and crura are attached to perineal membrane
  3. crurua of clitoris
    1. copora cavernosa that continue into the body of clitoris
    2. bulb and crura are attached to perineal membrane

associated glands

  1. greater vestibular (barholins glands)
    1. produce secretions during secual arousal, near vaginal opening
    2. can be a sire of infection with inflammation-bartholinits
  2. skenes (lesser vestibular) glands
    1. produce secretions during sexual arousal, near urethral opening
48
Q

describe the muscles of the female superficial pouch-3

A
  1. skeletal muscles are innervatied by
    1. deep perineal nerve
  2. muscles
    1. ischiocavernosus
      1. covering the crura of the clitoris
    2. bulbospongiosus
      1. covering the bulb of the vest
      2. help compress vagina
    3. function
      1. both move blood from root -> body of clitoris
      2. both move bulb of bestibule to glans and compress outflow veins during sexual arousal
  3. muscles
    1. superficial transverse perineal
      1. stabilize the perineal body and support viscera
49
Q

assist compressing the vagina

A
  1. skeletal muscles are innervatied by
    1. deep perineal nerve
  2. muscles
    1. ischiocavernosus
      1. covering the crura of the clitoris
    2. bulbospongiosus
      1. covering the bulb of the vest
      2. help compress vagina
    3. function
      1. both move blood from root -> body of clitoris
      2. both move bulb of bestibule to glans and compress outflow veins during sexual arousal
  3. muscles
    1. superficial transverse perineal
      1. stabilize the perineal body and support viscera
50
Q

stabilize the perineal body and support the viscera

A
  1. skeletal muscles are innervatied by
    1. deep perineal nerve
  2. muscles
    1. ischiocavernosus
      1. covering the crura of the clitoris
    2. bulbospongiosus
      1. covering the bulb of the vest
      2. help compress vagina
    3. function
      1. both move blood from root -> body of clitoris
      2. both move bulb of bestibule to glans and compress outflow veins during sexual arousal
  3. muscles
    1. superficial transverse perineal
      1. stabilize the perineal body and support viscera
51
Q

blood vessels of the viscera

fibers-action-function

A
  1. blood vessels of viscera
    1. sympathetic-vasoconstriction
      1. control of blood flow
    2. parasympathetic-vasodilation
  2. bulbourethral glands
    1. parasympathetic-secretion
      1. semen formation
  3. skens and barholins glansds (vaginal sweating)
    1. parasympathetic-secretion
      1. lubrication
  4. corpora cavernosa artery of penis/dorsal artery
    1. parasympathetic-vasodilation
      1. erection (reduced sympathetic tone)
    2. sympathetic-vasoconstriction
      1. remission
  5. clitoris, labia, lower vagina
    1. parasympathetic-vasodilation
      1. erection (reduced sympathetic tone)
    2. sympathetic-vasoconstriction
      1. remission
52
Q

bulbourethral glands

fibers-action-function

A
  1. blood vessels of viscera
    1. sympathetic-vasoconstriction
      1. control of blood flow
    2. parasympathetic-vasodilation
  2. bulbourethral glands
    1. parasympathetic-secretion
      1. semen formation
  3. skens and barholins glansds (vaginal sweating)
    1. parasympathetic-secretion
      1. lubrication
  4. corpora cavernosa artery of penis/dorsal artery
    1. parasympathetic-vasodilation
      1. erection (reduced sympathetic tone)
    2. sympathetic-vasoconstriction
      1. remission
  5. clitoris, labia, lower vagina
    1. parasympathetic-vasodilation
      1. erection (reduced sympathetic tone)
    2. sympathetic-vasoconstriction
      1. remission
53
Q

sken’s and bartholin’s glands

fibers-action-function

A
  1. blood vessels of viscera
    1. sympathetic-vasoconstriction
      1. control of blood flow
    2. parasympathetic-vasodilation
  2. bulbourethral glands
    1. parasympathetic-secretion
      1. semen formation
  3. skens and barholins glansds (vaginal sweating)
    1. parasympathetic-secretion
      1. lubrication
  4. corpora cavernosa artery of penis/dorsal artery
    1. parasympathetic-vasodilation
      1. erection (reduced sympathetic tone)
    2. sympathetic-vasoconstriction
      1. remission
  5. clitoris, labia, lower vagina
    1. parasympathetic-vasodilation
      1. erection (reduced sympathetic tone)
    2. sympathetic-vasoconstriction
      1. remission
54
Q

blood vessels in erectile tissue

fibers-action-function

A
  1. blood vessels of viscera
    1. sympathetic-vasoconstriction
      1. control of blood flow
    2. parasympathetic-vasodilation
  2. bulbourethral glands
    1. parasympathetic-secretion
      1. semen formation
  3. skens and barholins glansds (vaginal sweating)
    1. parasympathetic-secretion
      1. lubrication
  4. corpora cavernosa artery of penis/dorsal artery
    1. parasympathetic-vasodilation
      1. erection (reduced sympathetic tone)
    2. sympathetic-vasoconstriction
      1. remission
  5. clitoris, labia, lower vagina
    1. parasympathetic-vasodilation
      1. erection (reduced sympathetic tone)
    2. sympathetic-vasoconstriction
      1. remission
55
Q

clitoris, labia, lower vagina

fibers-action-function

A
  1. blood vessels of viscera
    1. sympathetic-vasoconstriction
      1. control of blood flow
    2. parasympathetic-vasodilation
  2. bulbourethral glands
    1. parasympathetic-secretion
      1. semen formation
  3. skens and barholins glansds (vaginal sweating)
    1. parasympathetic-secretion
      1. lubrication
  4. corpora cavernosa artery of penis/dorsal artery
    1. parasympathetic-vasodilation
      1. erection (reduced sympathetic tone)
    2. sympathetic-vasoconstriction
      1. remission
  5. clitoris, labia, lower vagina
    1. parasympathetic-vasodilation
      1. erection (reduced sympathetic tone)
    2. sympathetic-vasoconstriction
      1. remission
56
Q

define the deep perineal contents for male and female

  1. uretha portions
  2. urogenital diaphragm
  3. nerve/vessels
  4. dorsal neruovasculature of the ____ passes through
  5. glands?
A
  1. males
    1. membranous portionof the urethra
    2. urogenital diaphragm
      1. external urethral sphincter
      2. deep transvers perineal muscle
    3. deep peineal nerve +branches of the perineal artery and vein
    4. dorsal neruvascular structures of the penis pass through
    5. bulbourethral (Cowper’s) glands
  2. female
    1. proximal part of the urethra and lower vagina
    2. urogenital diaphragm
      1. external urethral sphincter
      2. deep transverse muscle
      3. sphincter urethrovaginalis
      4. compressor urethrae
    3. deep preineal nerve and branches of perineal artery/vein
    4. dorsal neurvascular structures of the clitoris pass through
57
Q

differentiate the contents of the urogenital diaphragm

A
  1. males
    1. membranous portionof the urethra
    2. urogenital diaphragm
      1. external urethral sphincter
      2. deep transvers perineal muscle
    3. deep peineal nerve +branches of the perineal artery and vein
    4. dorsal neruvascular structures of the penis pass through
    5. bulbourethral (Cowper’s) glands
  2. female
    1. proximal part of the urethra and lower vagina
    2. urogenital diaphragm
      1. external urethral sphincter
      2. deep transverse muscle
      3. sphincter urethrovaginalis
      4. compressor urethrae
    3. deep preineal nerve and branches of perineal artery/vein
    4. dorsal neurvascular structures of the clitoris pass through
58
Q

what glands are located in the deep perineum?

A
  1. males
    1. membranous portionof the urethra
    2. urogenital diaphragm
      1. external urethral sphincter
      2. deep transvers perineal muscle
    3. deep peineal nerve +branches of the perineal artery and vein
    4. dorsal neruvascular structures of the penis pass through
    5. bulbourethral (Cowper’s) glands
  2. female
    1. proximal part of the urethra and lower vagina
    2. urogenital diaphragm
      1. external urethral sphincter
      2. deep transverse muscle
      3. sphincter urethrovaginalis
      4. compressor urethrae
    3. deep preineal nerve and branches of perineal artery/vein
    4. dorsal neurvascular structures of the clitoris pass through
59
Q

skeletal muscle of the deep perineal pouch -male vs female

explain the female function

A
  1. skeletal muscles -GSE/GSA
    1. female
      1. deep transverse perineal mucle
      2. compressor urethrae
        1. act with sphincter external urethral to close urethra and compress the vagina
      3. sphincter urethrovaginalis
      4. external urethral sphincter
        1. GSE
    2. male
      1. deep transverse perineal muscles
      2. external urethral sphincter
        1. GSE
        2. urinary continence
        3. voluntary control of micturition
60
Q

both act to close the urethra and compress vagina

A
  1. skeletal muscles -GSE/GSA
    1. female
      1. deep transverse perineal mucle
      2. compressor urethrae
        1. act with sphincter external urethral to close urethra and compress the vagina
      3. sphincter urethrovaginalis
      4. external urethral sphincter
        1. GSE
    2. male
      1. deep transverse perineal muscles
      2. external urethral sphincter
        1. GSE
        2. urinary continence
        3. voluntary control of micturition
61
Q

analog to barholin’s glands for males. Where are they bothe located?

A
  1. membranous urethra
    1. innervated
      1. GVE
        1. sympathetic/parasymp
      2. GVA
  2. bulbourethral glands
    1. male only
    2. function
      1. produces mucoid secretions that lubricate the urethra prior to ejaculation
    3. innervation
      1. parasympathetic control
    4. analog of bartholins glands
      1. bartholins gland->superficial pouch
      2. bulbourethral glands ->deep pouch
62
Q

lubricate the urethra before ejaculation, innervation?

A
  1. membranous urethra
    1. innervated
      1. GVE
        1. sympathetic/parasymp
      2. GVA
  2. bulbourethral glands
    1. male only
    2. function
      1. produces mucoid secretions that lubricate the urethra prior to ejaculation
    3. innervation
      1. parasympathetic control
    4. analog of bartholins glands
      1. bartholins gland->superficial pouch
      2. bulbourethral glands ->deep pouch
63
Q

innervation for membranous urethra

A
  1. membranous urethra
    1. innervated
      1. GVE
        1. sympathetic/parasymp
      2. GVA
  2. bulbourethral glands
    1. male only
    2. function
      1. produces mucoid secretions that lubricate the urethra prior to ejaculation
    3. innervation
      1. parasympathetic control
    4. analog of bartholins glands
      1. bartholins gland->superficial pouch
      2. bulbourethral glands ->deep pouch
64
Q

fractured pelvic girdle can potentially lead to?

A

rupture of the membranous urethra in male, could be due to fractured pelvic girdle

  1. extravasation of urine into DEEP PERINEAL POUCH
  2. PASS SUPERIORLY throug the urogenital hiatus into** **pelvis (**extraperitoneal)**around prostate and bladder
  3. CANNOT GO TO SUPERFICIAL SPACE BECAUSE OF PERINEAL MEMBRANE

rupture of lower part of bladder (subperitoneal) or damage to pelvic urethra would also produce a similar situation.

clear difference with rupture of spongy urethra that affects that superficial perineal space (B) seen in slide 8.

65
Q

rupture to the lower part of the bladder or damage to pelvic urethra would produce similar situation as…

A

rupture of the membranous urethra in male, could be due to fractured pelvic girdle

  1. extravasation of urine into DEEP PERINEAL POUCH
  2. PASS SUPERIORLY throug the urogenital hiatus into** **pelvis (**extraperitoneal)**around prostate and bladder
  3. CANNOT GO TO SUPERFICIAL SPACE BECAUSE OF PERINEAL MEMBRANE

rupture of lower part of bladder (subperitoneal) or damage to pelvic urethra would also produce a similar situation.

clear difference with rupture of spongy urethra that affects that superficial perineal space (B) seen in slide 8.

66
Q

Where can a rupture of membranous uretha in a male spread to?

A

rupture of the membranous urethra in male, could be due to fractured pelvic girdle

  1. extravasation of urine into DEEP PERINEAL POUCH
  2. PASS SUPERIORLY throug the urogenital hiatus into** **pelvis (**extraperitoneal)**around prostate and bladder
  3. CANNOT GO TO SUPERFICIAL SPACE BECAUSE OF PERINEAL MEMBRANE

rupture of lower part of bladder (subperitoneal) or damage to pelvic urethra would also produce a similar situation.

clear difference with rupture of spongy urethra that affects that superficial perineal space (B) seen in slide 8.

2020 MHS Anatomy unit 2 (6 decks)

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