Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

2020 MHS Anatomy unit 2 > pelvis viscera 2 of 2 > Flashcards

pelvis viscera 2 of 2 Flashcards

1
Q

specify the location of the following

  1. bulbourethral glands
  2. seminal vesicles
  3. testes
  4. urethra
    1. prostatic
    2. membranous
    3. spongy (penile)
  5. prostate
  6. ductus (vas) deferens
  7. epididymis
  8. ejaculatory ducts
A
  1. perineum
    1. testes
    2. epididymus
    3. urethra
      1. membranous
      2. spongy (penile)
    4. bulbourethral glands
  2. pelvis
    1. seminal vesicles
    2. ejeactularoy ducts
    3. prostate
    4. urethra
      1. prostatic
  3. perinemu and pelvis
    1. ductus (vas) deferens
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

describe the contents of the testes

  1. location
  2. function
  3. structure
A
  1. location
    1. scrotum- perineum
  2. function
    1. sperm production
      1. produced in the seminiferous tubules
    2. stored
      1. in the body of the epididymis
    3. transported by the vas deferens
      1. a continuation of tail of theepididymic
  3. structures
    1. tunica albuginea
      1. tough outer surface of testes
    2. tunica vaginalis
      1. peritoneal sac
        1. visceral layer covering testes epididymis
        2. parietal layer adjacent to internal spermatic fascia
        3. cavity with small amount of liquid between parietal and visceral layers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

tough outer surface of testes

A

tunica albuginea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

where sperm are produced, stored, transported

A
  1. sperm
    1. made in the seminiferous tubules
    2. stored in the body of the epididymis
    3. transported by the vas deferens- conitnuation of epididymis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

describe the embryonic descent of testes

  1. origination, what is carried
A
  1. testes descend from the posterior abdominal wall** through the **inguinal canal into the scrotum
  2. carry with them vessels, nerves, vas deferens found in the spermatic cord
  3. testes and spermatic cord acquire coverins from inguinal canal
  4. Processes vaginalis (peritoneum) close off to become the tunica vaginalis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how does the tunica vaginalis form?

A

processes vaginalis (peritoneum) closes off to become the tunica vaginalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

list the contents of the spermatic cord-9 total

A
  1. ductus deferens
  2. artery to ductus deferens
  3. testicular artery
  4. pampiniform plexus -> testicular vein
  5. lymphatic vessels
  6. autonomic nerves
  7. remnants of processus vaginalis
  8. cremasteric artery
  9. genital branch of genitofemoral nere
    1. ​motor component of cremaster reflex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

motor component of cremaster reflex

A

genitofemoral nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

list the three coverings of the spermatic cord, respectivly, and the origin of said layer

A
  1. internal spermatic fascia
    1. transversalis fascia
  2. cremaster muscles and fascia
    1. interal obliqu
  3. external spermatic fascia
    1. external oblique aponeurosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

describe the cremasteric reflex

A

stimulation to the GSA fibers of the femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve and ilioinguinal nerve, stimulates the activation of GSE fibers of genital branch of genitofemoral nerve->contraction of cremaster muscle that pulls up the ipsilateral testes

  1. GSA fibers of femoral branch of gentiofemoral nerve and iliolinguinal nerve
  2. GSE fibers of genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
  3. response is contraction of cremaster muscle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

describe the following of the spermatic cord

  1. vessels
  2. lymphatic
  3. nerve
A
  1. vessels
    1. arterial
      1. testicular artery
      2. ductus deferens artery
    2. venous drainage
      1. testicular vein
        1. ​receives the blood from the pampiniform plexus of veins
  2. lymphatics
    1. lateral aortic nodes
      1. in abdominal cavity
      2. route for testicular cancer to spread to the abdomen
  3. nerve
    1. sympathetic
      1. GVE
        1. for sperm transport and vasoconstriction
      2. GVA
        1. afferent sensory fibers
      3. GSE
        1. genitofemoral nerve to cremaster muscles of cord
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

accumulation of serous fluid or blood with in the cavity of the tunica vaginalis

A

Hydrocele and hematocele of testis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What layer acculumates fluids in the following cases of hydrocele and hematocele

A

hydrocele and hematocele of testis

  1. accumulation of serous fluid or blood within cavity of tunica vaginalis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

spermatoceoele

A

sperm-filled cyst near the head of the epididymis; is usually asymptomatc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

sperm filled cyst near the head of the epididymis

A

spermatocelel- ususally asymptomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

varicocoele-of the spermatic cord

A

elongation and dilation of the pampiniform plexus of veins (bag of worms)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

elongation and dilation of the pampiniform plexus of veins. appears as bag of worms

A

varicocoele- of the spermatic cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

passes through the inguinal canal, enters the abdominal cavity and courses posterior to the urinary bladder.

forms a specific ampulla at the distal end

A

Vas Deferens

  1. passes through the inguinal canal, enters the abdominal cavity and courses posterior to the urinary bladder
  2. at distal end form the AMPULLA OF THE DUCTUS DEFERENS
  3. Transmits sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

describe the following for the Vas Deferens

  1. function
  2. location (route)
A

vas deferens

  1. function
    1. transmits sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct
  2. route
    1. epididymis
    2. through inguinal canal
      1. enters abdominal cavity
    3. passes posterior to the urinary bladder
    4. form ampulla of the ductus deferens, towards the prostate
    5. deferent duct (ductus deferens) merges with the seminal vesicle to generate the ejaculaory duct as it connects to the urethra
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

describe th following for seminal vesicles

  1. function
  2. structure
A

seminal vesicles

  1. function
    1. secrete seminal fluid
      1. contributes a thick, alkaline fluid containing fructose
        1. frustose is essential to spermatozoa
    2. DOES NOT STORE SPERM
  2. structure
    1. 2 tortuous coiled tubes that merge with the ampulla of the Vas Deferens
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

contributes thick, alkaline fluid contining fructose

A

seminal vesicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

formed by the union of the seminal veicles and the ducuts deferens

describe the route and what it bifurcates.

A

ejaculatory ducts

  1. route
    1. transverses the posterior part of the prostate
      1. separating the prostate lobes
        1. MIDDLE LOBE(CENTRAL ZONE) and the POSTERIOR LOBE (PERIPHERAL ZONE)
    2. opens into the prostatic urethra
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

compare the two close but different funcitons

  1. generates alkaline fluid to neutralize the vagina acidity
  2. contributes a thick, alkaline fluid containing fructose
A
  1. prostate
    1. produces an alkaline fluid that is added to seminal fluid to neutralize vaginal acidity
    2. prostatic fluids empty into the prostatic urethra throug hindividual duct openings
  2. seminal vesicles
    1. tortuous, coild tube that contributes a thick, alkaline fluid containing fructose to the seminal fluid
    2. does not store sperm
24
Q

what structure contributes to fluids DIRECTLY into the prostatic urethra?

A

prostate- via the individual duct openings

25
describe the following of the prostate 1. vasculature 2. lymphatics
1. vasculature 1. arteries 1. internal iliac artery-\>***_inferior vesicle artery_***-\>prostate 2. veins 1. prostatic plexus of veins -\> vesical plexus -\>internal iliac vein or vertebral venous plexus 2. lymphatic drainiage 1. internal iliac nodes
26
desceibe the following with regard to the prostate 1. sympathetic 2. parasympathetic 3. afferent
prostatic plexus 1. sympathetic fibers 1. T11-L2 2. rich innervation of internal genital organs 3. semen transport (sperm and secretion) 2. parasympathetic 1. glands secretion 2. gorm the cavernous nerves going to erectile tissues of penis in perineum 3. GVA fibers- with reference to pain line 1. above pain line 1. travel with sympathetic fibers 1. ***_vas deferens_*** 2. ***_upper par of seminal vesicles_*** 2. ***_​_***below pain line 1. travel with parasympathetic fibers 1. ***_prostate_*** 2. ***_lower part of seminal vesicles_*** 3. other visceral sensations travel with ***_parasympathetic_*** fibers
27
a patient is experiencing noturia, urgency and dysuria. His doctor will suggest what exam. Explain the findings
regular prostate exam 1. prostate is a frequent site of cancer in elderly males in the ***_posterior lobe_*** 1. referred to clinically as the peripheral zone 2. the protate isprone to enlargement in meddle ages and older males (benign prostatic hyperplasia -BHP 3. reusulting in nocturia, urgency and dysuria 4. typically the middle lobe referred to clincially as the central zone is involved
28
what are the central zone and peripheral zones of the prostate clinically relavent for?
29
damage to what nerves during prostatectomy can lead to what conditions?
radical surgery to cure prostate cancer involved removing prostate and seminal vesicles 1. prostatic plexus and cavernous nerves 1. parasympathetic 2. innervate erectile tissues of penis 3. damage = impotence 2. vesical plexus 1. sympathetic fibers 2. innervates 1. internal urethral sphinter 3. damage = retrograde ejaculation (into bladder), leading to low emission and low volume ejaculate
30
passes into tinguinal canal to labium majorum
round ligament of uterus
31
broad ligament of the uterus is peritoneum divided into what structures and what do they surround?
broad ligament of the uterus 1. mesosalpinc 1. around and below the uterine tube 2. mesovarium 1. suspends the ovary 3. mesometrium 1. over and lateral to the body of the uterus
32
the mesoalpinx ,mesovarium and mesometrium cover which structures? what is it known as?
known as the broad ligament of the uterus is peritoneum dived into 1. mesosalpinx 1. around and below the uterine tuve 2. mesovarium 1. suspend the ovary 3. mesometrium 1. over and lateral to the body of the uterus
33
what are the structures of the uterus?
uterus * thick-walled, hollow muscular organ that consists of * body * with rounded fundus superiorly and containng the uterine cavity and ostia of uterine tubes * isthmus * the junction between the body and the cervix * cervix * cervical canal conects to internal and external ostia
34
mostly a pelvic structure except for inferior most past in perineum
vagina 1. is a distensible tuve that connects cervix of uterus to vestibule in perineum 2. mostly a pelvic structure except for inferiormost part in perineuum 3. cervix forms a continuous recess around the vagina, vaginal fornix 1. anteior, posterior and lateral
35
forms a continuous recess aroung the vagina? division?
vaginal fornix- ivided into anterior, posterior and lateral fornices
36
how can the uterus be descried in relation to position?
position of uterus * anteflexed * between the acis of the uterine body and the axis of the cervix * anterverted * between the acis of the uuterin cervix and the axis of the vagina * retroverted * retroflexed
37
results from weakening of walls of vagina, w/o open communication between vagina and pelvic organs. describe the 4 most seen conditions
1. pelvic organ prlapsprolapsed uterus 2. rectocele 3. cystocele 4. enterocele
38
describe pelvic organ prolapse- two main causes, but are organ specific
1. due to 1. weaking of the 1. walls of vagina 1. 2. suppoerting musculature ligament and fascia 1. levator ani, ulterosacral ***_transverse cervical_*** ,and pubocervical ligament 2. incidence increases with age and parity 3. affect urinary, digestive and reproductive functions
39
conduct the oocyte from the ovary to the uterine cavity? structure?
uterine tubes (fallopian rubes) extend laterally from the uterus in the mesosalpinx and open to the peritoneal cavity - risk of peritonitis if infection of the genital tract 1. structure 1. funnel shaped infundibulum laterally, end with fimbriae and abdominal ostium 2. ampulla 1. the widest part 2. usual site of fertilization 3. isthmus 1. narrow 4. uterine part/intramural part 1. pierces uterine wall
40
widest part and most usual site for fertilization
amuplla of the fallopian tubes
41
of the sites for ectopic prenancy, what is the most common site? causes?
1. most develop in the uterine tube (fallopian tube) 2. other locations 1. abdominal cavity 1. rectouterine pouch 2. ovary development of a fertilized ovum outside of the uterine cavity common causes- prior infecttion, congenital abnormalites etc.
42
is a gonad and endocrine gland suspended from the posterior lamina of the broad ligmaent. What else holds it in place
Ovary 1. gonad and endocrine gland 2. mesovarium 1. suspended from the posterior lamina of the broad ligament by the mesovarium 1. ovarian cancer can metastasize directly into peritoneal cavity. 3. ***_ligament of the ovary_*** 1. attaches the ovary to the uterus 4. ***_suspensory ligament of the ovary_*** 1. connets the ovary to the posterior abdominal wall 2. contains the ovarian artery, vein, lymphatic and nerves
43
Ovarian cancer can metastasize directly to....
ovarian cancer can metastasize directly into peritoneal cavity
44
Describe the vascular of the overies, fallopian tubesn uterus and vagina
blood supply 1. ovaries 1. ovarian artery 1. directly from the descending aorta 2. fallopian tubes 1. tubual branch of the ovarian artery 3. uterus 1. uterine 4. vagina 1. upper portion 1. vaginal 2. lower portion (in perineum) 1. internal pudendal
45
describe the lymphatic drainage of the ovaries, fallopian tube, uterus and vagina
1. ovaries 1. drain to lateral aortic nodes 2. uterus, ttubes and upper vagina 1. drain to internal iliac nodes 3. lower vagina 1. drain to superficial inguinal nodes
46
describe the nerve formation of the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus and vagina
nerve supply contain: sympathetic, parasympathetic and GVA 1. sympathetic 1. T11-L2 2. parasympathetic 1. S2-S4 3. GVA 1. organs above pain line: ovaries, uterine tubes, body of uterus 1. travel with sympathetic fibers to T11-L2 2. organs below the pain line: cervix and upper vagina 1. travel with parasympathetic fibers to S2-S4 2. other visceral sensations with parasympathetic fibers
47
what is a spinal block do and where?
spinal block via lumbar puncture 1. ***_L3-L4_*** 1. numbs from waist down 1. sensory, visceral and somatic 2. organs and regions 1. perineum 2. pelvic floor 3. upper vagina 4. uterine cervix 5. body of uterus
48
what does a caudal epidural block do and where?
caudal epidural block via sacral hiatus 1. ***_S2-S4_*** 2. sensory block, comatic and visceral 3. organs 1. perineum 2. pelvic floor 3. upper vagina 4. uterine cervix 4. epidural block via catherter into epidrual space L3-L4
49
describe the pudendal nerve block and where
pudendal nerve block via local injection in tissues surrounding nerve 1. sensory block, somatic 2. organs 1. perineum 1. including lower vagina 3. below the caudal if preffered, because this allows the mother stay involved and blocks pain below the pain line.
50
blood vessels of pelvic viscera type of fibers-action-function
1. vasocontriction-sympathetic -control of blood flow 2. vasodilation-parasympathetic
51
internal urethral sphincter fiber- action-function
internal urethral sphincter (male only) 1. sympathetic-contraction-inhibit urination/retrograde ejaculation during intercourse 2. parasympathetic - relaxation - urination
52
describe the fibers, action and function to the epididymis, ductus deferens, seminal vesicle and prostate smoothe muscle uterus upper vagina
1. epididymis, ductus deferens, seminal vesicle and prostate smooth muscles 1. sympathetic - contraction -emission (semen transport 2. uterus 1. sympathetic-contraction-orgasm(sperm transport) 3. upper vagina 1. parasympathetic -relaxation-arousal
53
describe the fiber-action-function of the seminal vesicle and prostate
1. seminal vesicle, prostate 1. parasympathetic - secretion - semen formation
54
around a below the uterine tube
mesoalpinx
55
suspends the ovary
\mesovarium
56
over and lateral to the body of the uterus
mesometrium
57
divides into anterior, posterio and lateral fornices
vaginal fornix

2020 MHS Anatomy unit 2 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions